علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
Ali Reza Nikouei; Farzaneh Aghapour; Somayyeh Aghajani zeleti
Abstract
A branch of disability studies, rather than the biological aspect of the body, illness and disability, is concerned with disability representations, the politics of care and body care, symptomatic reading (understanding, interpretation and evaluation) and its medical, moral, social and cultural models. ...
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A branch of disability studies, rather than the biological aspect of the body, illness and disability, is concerned with disability representations, the politics of care and body care, symptomatic reading (understanding, interpretation and evaluation) and its medical, moral, social and cultural models. In ableism discourse, disability is generally characterized by negative stereotypes. Most of the proverbs, ironies, folklore, stories contain negative schemas and metaphors about disability. In ableism discursive systems, disability is influenced by moral and religious (punishment, sin), political, cultural and ideological concepts and is associated with concepts such as shame, othering, abjection and exclusion, evil, ugliness and sin. In the stories of One Thousand and One Nights, the identity of disabled people is generally associated with concepts such as evilness, fear, shame, pity, humiliation, mockery and inauspiciousness, touching the taboos, spells, and magic. In all over the book, we can recognize marked and grotesque bodies. In most stories, positive characters and heroes are beautiful and physically healthy, while negative characters, anti-heroes, afārīt, and genies are described as having physical defects. The research method of this article is discourse analysis, although theories related to the body, illness and disability have also been used due to the text and the problem.
علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
mohsen pourmokhtar
Abstract
In the collection of seventy verses that have remained from Shah b. Shoja Kermani, twelve verses are attributed to other Sufis. Eight quotations in the name of Dhu 'l-Nun al-Misri, one quotation in the name of Abu Yazid al-Bastami, two quotations in the name of Abu 'Uthman al-Hri, and one quotation in ...
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In the collection of seventy verses that have remained from Shah b. Shoja Kermani, twelve verses are attributed to other Sufis. Eight quotations in the name of Dhu 'l-Nun al-Misri, one quotation in the name of Abu Yazid al-Bastami, two quotations in the name of Abu 'Uthman al-Hri, and one quotation in the name of Abu Sa'id-i Abu al-Hayr. In this article, the attribution of the main author is discussed and it is argued that it is preferable to attribute these words to Shah Kermani based on the following arguments: A. a special reputation is attributed to the narrators of Shah Kermani’s words. The first narrator is Abu Abd al-Rahman Sulami Nishabouri. He narrated the words of Shah through two prominent students of Abu Othman Heiri. Heiri himself was a student of the Shah and wrote his words in a special notebook. Sirjani, the second narrator, is recognized not only as one of the great Sheikhs of Sufism and the author of the significant book “Al-Bayad” but also as a compatriot of the Shah and one of his earnest admirers. B. Shah Shuja Kermani's writing style is distinguished by a particular feature, namely the inclusion of three specific sayings in his works, which are referred to as triple sayings. These words were probably authored by Shah Kermani himself. C. Per the rule of “attribution to the most famous ”, it is expected that the words of Shah Kermani would be attributed to Sufis who are more renowned than him.
علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
amir hossein hemati
Abstract
The fifth century, within the historical course of the formation and evolution of Sufism, is one of the golden eras of this ideology and profession, in terms of growth and development. Different epochs of this century have actually witnessed the existence and emergence of many great figures and the appearance ...
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The fifth century, within the historical course of the formation and evolution of Sufism, is one of the golden eras of this ideology and profession, in terms of growth and development. Different epochs of this century have actually witnessed the existence and emergence of many great figures and the appearance and perfection of famous scholars. The study of the surviving authorities of the great scholars of this century reveals that there have been relations of a kind of mastery and discipleship as well as friendship and companionship and sincere familial ties among a large number of them, regardless of simultaneity of time and place. Two of the most famous Sheikhs and the most well-known scholars of this century are Abolghasem Qoshairi and Abu Sa'id Abul Khair, although some researchers have denied the relationship of these two Sheikhs with each other, and have tried to consider any relevant existing historical documents as fake. The present study seeks to clarify the relationship of these two Sheikhs based on the existing ancient documents, and through citing what confirms the authenticity of such documents. The second general purpose of this research is to demonstrate the historical route and the gradual evolution of writing technology in Persian. The third aim is to prove that lack of mentioning the names of some scholars of different ages in a number of classic books or in other sources of Sufism, cannot rule out the absence of relationship among them.
علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
اسداله Vahed; Hadi Sadeghi; Mohammad Mahdipour; Ebrahim Ranjbar
Abstract
Ahmad-e Yasavi, also known as "Pir-e Torkestân," was a famous Sufi and influential spiritual leader in the Torkestân region in the 6th century. His Sufi movement and mystical teachings, known as "Yasaviyyeh," gained popularity in the Islamic world and played a significant role in the Islamization ...
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Ahmad-e Yasavi, also known as "Pir-e Torkestân," was a famous Sufi and influential spiritual leader in the Torkestân region in the 6th century. His Sufi movement and mystical teachings, known as "Yasaviyyeh," gained popularity in the Islamic world and played a significant role in the Islamization of Anatolia, experiencing ups and downs in Asia Minor. Yassaviyyeh is considered the first Sufi order to emerge among the Turks, originating in the city of Yasâ or Torkestân and later spreading throughout Asia Minor. The main significance of the Yasaviyyeh order lies in its ability to spread Sufi beliefs and practices tailored to the intellectual level, language, and culture of the Torkman people from Torkistân to Anatolia. By using simple and melodious poems rooted in the national spirit and customs of the people, Yasaviyyeh order was able to attract the pure and unadulterated souls of the Torkman people to Islam and Sufism, preparing the culture and society of Asia Minor to embrace and accept the teachings of various sects, many of which had origins in Khorâsân. Given the lack of research on critiquing and analyzing the beliefs and practices of Yassaviyyeh and the spread of this Sufi order in Asia Minor, the authors of this study aim to provide a detailed interpretation of the Sufi beliefs and practices of the Yasaviyyeh order by referring to the written works attributed to Ahmad-e Yasavi. They also seek to compare these beliefs and practices with those of Khorasan Sufism to reveal the mystical nature and cultural and intellectual influence of this Sufi order in Asia Minor.
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
Ebrahim Eghbali; Abasalt AhmadiDizaj; Mohammad Khakpour; Mohammad reza Abedi
Abstract
Enthusiasts of Iranian culture and literature Subcontinental countries, etc. have always been in search of literary inspiration and a correct understanding of Persian Texts, they have been diligent in understanding them, and from their own and others' point of view, they have described works such as ...
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Enthusiasts of Iranian culture and literature Subcontinental countries, etc. have always been in search of literary inspiration and a correct understanding of Persian Texts, they have been diligent in understanding them, and from their own and others' point of view, they have described works such as Ganjavi's Nezami Sharafnameh have been paid. In this article, the authors have emphasized the use of words, written morphology and grammar in the manuscripts of Ganjavi's Nezami Sharafnameh, using a library method. They describe them according to their linguistic and stylistic features. The results of this study, after briefly introducing the manuscripts of Sharafnameh's commentaries as scientific-literary texts, show that all the commentators have a good command of the Persian language in view of their geographical area, the Indian subcontinent, and explain the meanings and concepts in simple, comprehensible words and sentences. , explicit, clear and consistent with the standard language of India and even Iran at that time, they have directly transmitted. While writing in a simple way, they used Arabic and native words or the terms of literary techniques and...and avoided exaggeration and the use of synonyms In addition, in the written explanations, grammatical coordinates such as extra descriptive syntactic combinations, Arabic combinations and...are used and the prose has removed them from uniformity, so the style In terms of vocabulary and morphology, in the components of selection, invention and ...they are more in line with the features of Ghaznavid and Seljuk period (intermediate) prose, which indicates that their prose is scientific.
علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
Rahman Moshtaqhmehr; mahnaz nezamianbaran
Abstract
In addition to the existence of a considerable number of quatrains of previous poets among the quatrains attributed to Rumi, there are also quatrains in his Diwan that Rumi paid attention to and took inspiration from the quatrains of them. Sometimes he quoted a verse or stanza from others quatrains and ...
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In addition to the existence of a considerable number of quatrains of previous poets among the quatrains attributed to Rumi, there are also quatrains in his Diwan that Rumi paid attention to and took inspiration from the quatrains of them. Sometimes he quoted a verse or stanza from others quatrains and in many cases he followed the structure of the quatrains of his predecessors. In this research, by examining and comparing the quatrains of Rumi with the existing and available quatrains of previous poets, the sources of inspiration and influence of Rumi from the quatrains of the previous poets were determined to some extent. In contemporary literary criticism, in the context of the relationship of one text with other texts, this category of Molana's quatrains in Genet's theory of intertextuality is placed in two areas of non-explicit and implicit intertextuality and is adaptable with it. Rumi has been inspired by many previous poets in his quatrains, but the main sources of his inspiration in his quatrains belong to poets such as Sanai, Ohaduddin Kermani, Attar and Khayyam Neishaburi.
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
نرگس Oskouie
Abstract
Expression of feeling is one of the important and basic principles of creating aesthetic values in literary and artistic texts. Expression is an artistic method to describe works in which the artist distorts reality, values and norms in order to interpret, interpret and make the expression of emotions ...
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Expression of feeling is one of the important and basic principles of creating aesthetic values in literary and artistic texts. Expression is an artistic method to describe works in which the artist distorts reality, values and norms in order to interpret, interpret and make the expression of emotions or inner states more emotional. The main issue of the current research is to explain the important place of emotion representation, themes and methods of its creation, in explaining emotions, protests, emotions and inner experiences and sensory impact on the audience in the poetry of the Azerbaijani school. This research was done by descriptive and analytical method. The statistical community of). The result of the research indicates that: in the Azerbaijani school, the main components of the theory of expression of feeling, that is, human art, protest and the desire to change and reform, and to go beyond the logical and traditional literary standards to depict human thinking and life, are very prominent. The presentation of feelings in the lyrical forms of this poem (praise, satire, boasting, complaint, as it is, lamentation, poetry, etc.) is very frequent in themes related to "self", "other" and "living conditions" and is one of the many techniques. And as an indicator: exaggeration, symbol and types of metaphor, contradiction and paradox, repetition and coordination of attributes (adjective + simile + allusion + myth) and explanatory methods have been used to show it in the works of this school
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
Dr. Haidar Naeem Hamza Al Zoamil
Abstract
Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized ...
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Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized stylistically based on the poets' inclination toward these axes. In different periods of the Persian language, we observe works that are composed in response to and in the same form and style as famous works, which are referred to as "mujāvāt" in literary terminology. The characteristic feature of these poems is the presence of linguistic signs that guide the audience to the intention and author of the poem. The importance of the art of response, which is specific to Iranians, lies in its role in expanding and disseminating poetry in terms of meaning and placing it in an unfinished and continuous space. Therefore, due to its significance and position in Persian literature, this article examines the literary role and functioning of linguistic axes in some responsive poems using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrate that poets have paid attention to this matter by aligning their responses with the intended axis and in accordance with it
علمی- پژوهشی
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
Fateme Hejri; Amir Momeni
Abstract
Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized ...
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Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized stylistically based on the poets' inclination toward these axes. In different periods of the Persian language, we observe works that are composed in response to and in the same form and style as famous works, which are referred to as "mujāvāt" in literary terminology. The characteristic feature of these poems is the presence of linguistic signs that guide the audience to the intention and author of the poem. The importance of the art of response, which is specific to Iranians, lies in its role in expanding and disseminating poetry in terms of meaning and placing it in an unfinished and continuous space. Therefore, due to its significance and position in Persian literature, this article examines the literary role and functioning of linguistic axes in some responsive poems using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrate that poets have paid attention to this matter by aligning their responses with the intended axis and in accordance with it.
علمی- پژوهشی
Fiction Literature
manoochehr joukar; MANOUCHER TASHAKORI; masoumeh delfan
Abstract
Grotesque is a pseudo-species in which the author or speaker mocks individual and social abnormalities with an unpleasant exaggeration that is at the same time disgusting and funny. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that contains a combination ...
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Grotesque is a pseudo-species in which the author or speaker mocks individual and social abnormalities with an unpleasant exaggeration that is at the same time disgusting and funny. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that contains a combination of conflicting thoughts; Grotesque simultaneously fascinates and frightens, laughs and scares. Grotesque usually shows the face of a human being and everything that is based on it in an exaggerated and manipulated way and treats regular and logical structures such as time sequence and cause and effect relationships as if it happened. It is also possible in another way. The novel "Uncle John Napoleon" written by Iraj Mesechzad is one of the works of fiction in which grotesque elements and spaces are used to criticize some ideas and behaviors of the Iranian society. In this novel, there are 136 grotesque elements, of which the element of "abnormality" is more abundant, and the type of abnormality is mainly conceptual and behavioral; Also, in the grotesque element "horror and comic" - which has a frequency after abnormality in this novel - the comic and funny side is more than the horror side..
علمی- پژوهشی
Fiction Literature
mahnaz abhari; manijeh falahi; ali eskandari
Abstract
The novel includes the events of many eventful periods of Iran's contemporary history, which are reported with the focus of Tuba's life. The events of the novel take place in the context of political developments from the threshold of the constitutional movement to the last decades of Pahlavi II's rule ...
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The novel includes the events of many eventful periods of Iran's contemporary history, which are reported with the focus of Tuba's life. The events of the novel take place in the context of political developments from the threshold of the constitutional movement to the last decades of Pahlavi II's rule and the height ofviolent struggles. During it, Parsipour depicts the life of several generations, centered on the life of Tuba. From this perspective, the novel Tuba and the meaning of the night is the story of the life and inner conflicts of the Iranian man, who, in addition to living in the context of political and social conflicts, is involved in the turmoil and psychological conflicts arising from the wave of modernity within himself. Study method: This article has been prepared in an analytical-descriptive method, using library resources and using scientifically valid sources. Findings: The findings of the research confirm that the confrontation between tradition and modernity has been going on from the threshold of constitutionalism to the occurrence of the revolution in various fields of Iranian society. In addition to politics and governance, this confrontation has transformed family and social relations. Conclusion: The results of this research show that at any point in time from the constitutional era to this point, on the one hand, we can witness the progress of modernity in the individual, social, and political spheres, and on the other hand, the resistance of traditional standards and standards against the relentless wave of modernity.
علمی- پژوهشی
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Abbas Baghinejad
Abstract
The season of autumn and all of its elements and phenomenon is one of the vital subjects of nursery rhyme. In this article, the child poets approach and their inspiration in observing the visual attractions, natural and biological capabilities of autumn are pointed out; also the way of using the symbols ...
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The season of autumn and all of its elements and phenomenon is one of the vital subjects of nursery rhyme. In this article, the child poets approach and their inspiration in observing the visual attractions, natural and biological capabilities of autumn are pointed out; also the way of using the symbols and legends of autumn is discussed and explained. The results of the research show that some of the autumnal themed poetry that were created in the field of children’s poetry, were affective in creating an emotional-artistic connection; also at introducing the reader to the changes that are happening to the outside world with the arrival of the season. Based on the referred samples of the autumnal poems of nursery rhyme, can be broken down in four different approach categories: the classic, the cognitive, the pictorail and the general approach; and each one of these approaches have their own specific and special natures. The result of the ideology is the general and expressive style that the child poets are benefiting from it.
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