New Insights into the Fifteenth Verse of the Shahnameh's Preface (az in parde bartar)

Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Ancient Culture and Languages, University of Tabriz. Tabriz. Iran

Abstract

Despite numerous efforts to correct Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, many issues remain that require further research and revision, and in order to get closer to what was written by Ferdowsi, it is necessary that researchers in various related fields proceed with this work by referring to the recordings of the manuscripts and measuring and comparing the existing corrections. Sometimes the original form is altered or removed by the correctors, and sometimes the differences in different corrections confuse the non-expert as well as expert reader. In the first case, the accurate form should be restored with sufficient evidence and reasons. In the second case, efforts should be made to clarify the meaning of words, stanzas, or verses, so that the correctors in the revisions and subsequent editions can, considering such works, provide a more precise form of the text. This article focuses on the fifteenth verse of the preface of Shahnameh, and by taking advantage of the recordings of manuscripts and reflecting on the meaning of the word "hasti" and the comparative adjective "bar" in the texts of the early Islamic centuries and their background in Middle Persian texts, a new reading and meaning, but more appropriate to the content of the preface, has been presented. . Finally, it is suggested that the said verse be corrected as follows:

Az in parde bartar saxon râh nist / ze hasti bar, andiše âgâh nist

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • A madi Givi, H. (2001). Dastur-e tarikhi-ye fe‘l (Historical Grammar of Verbs) (Vols. 1–2). Tehran: Qatreh Publishing.

    Anklesaria, E. T. D. (1913). Dânâk-u Mainyô-i Khard. Bombay.

    Anklesaria, E. T. D. (1956). Zand-Āāsīh: Iranian or Great Bundahišn. Bombay.

    Anvari, H. (2002). Farhang-e bozorg-e Sokhan (The Great Dictionary of Sokhan). Tehran: Sokhan.

    Anvari, O. (1985). Divan (S. Nafisi, Ed.). Tehran: Sekkeh & Piruz.

    Asadi Tusi, A. M. (1975). Garshasp-nameh (H. Yaghmai, Ed., 2nd ed.). Tehran: Tahouri Library.

    Bartholomae, C. (1961). Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.

    Behfar, M. (2015). Shahnameh-ye Ferdowsi: Tas’hih-e enteqadi va sharh-e yeka-yek-e abyat (Critical Edition and Commentary on Shahnameh) (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Tehran: Nashr-e No-Asim.

    De Menasce, J. (1973). Le troisième livre du Dēnkart. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksiek.

    Dehkhoda, A. A. (1998). Loghat-nameh-ye Dehkhoda (Dehkhoda Dictionary). Tehran: University of Tehran Press & Dehkhoda Lexicography Institute.

    Durkin-Meisterernst, D. (2014). Grammatik des Westmitteliranischen. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

    Farrokhi Sistani. (1956). Divan-e Hakim Farrokhi Sistani (M. Dabir-Siyaqi, Ed.). Tehran: Iqbal & Co.

    Ferdowsi, A. (1960–1971). Shahnameh (Critical Edition under the supervision of A. H. Noushin). Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies.

    Ferdowsi, A. (1974). Shahnameh (Jules Mohl, Ed., 7 vols.). Tehran: Pocket Books Co.

    Ferdowsi, A. (2001). Shahnameh (M. Jihuni, Ed.) (Vols. 1–5). Tehran: Shahnameh Research Publications.

    Ferdowsi, A. (2005). Gozideh-ye Shahnameh (Selected Shahnameh) (M. Jihuni, Ed.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press.

    Ferdowsi, A. (2007). Shahnameh (J. Khaleghi-Motlagh, Ed., 8 vols.). Tehran: The Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.

    Ferdowsi, A. (2014). Shahnameh (J. Khaleghi-Motlagh, Ed., 2 vols.). Tehran: Sokhan.

    Hamidian, S. (2013). Sharh-e shogh: Sharh va tahlil-e ashar-e Hafez (Commentary and Analysis of Hafez’s Poems, 2nd ed.). Tehran: Qatreh Publishing.

    Jackson, A. V. W. (1892). An Avesta grammar: In comparison with Sanskrit. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.

    Jalalian Chalashteri, M. H. (2021). Af‘al-e mazi-ye tamanna’i-sharti-ye kamiyab dar Shahnameh (Rare Optative-Conditional Past Verbs in the Shahnameh). Kharazmi University Journal of Persian Language and Literature, (91), 83–100.

    Kazazi, M. J. (2011). Nameh-ye Bastan: Virayesh va gozaresh-e Shahnameh-ye Ferdowsi (The Ancient Letter: Edition and Commentary on the Shahnameh) (9 vols.). Tehran: SAMT.

    Khaleghi-Motlagh, J. (2011). Shahnameh az dastnevis ta matn (The Shahnameh: From Manuscript to Text). Tehran: Mirath-e Maktub.

    Khaleghi-Motlagh, J. (2012). Yaddasht-ha-ye Shahnameh (Notes on the Shahnameh) (Vols. 1–3). Tehran: The Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.

    Madan, D. M. (1911). The complete text of the Pahlavi Dinkard. Bombay: The Society for the Promotion of Researches into the Zoroastrian Religion.

    Manuscripts:

    Masud Sa‘d Salman. (1960). Divan (R. Yasemi, Ed.). Tehran: Piruz.

    Mohl, J. (1876–1877). Le Livre des Rois (Vols. 1–7). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.

    Nasafi, A. H. N. (1975). Tafsir-e Nasafi (A. Jowini, Ed., 2 vols.). Tehran: Iranian Cultural Foundation.

    Nyberg, H. S. (1974). A manual of Pahlavi (Vols. 1–2). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

    Pakzad, F. (2005). Bundahišn, Zoroastrische Kosmogonie und Kosmologie. Bund 1: Kritische Edition. Tehran: Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia.

    Shafii, M. (1998). Shahnameh va dastur (Shahnameh and Grammar, 2nd ed.). Tehran: University of Tehran Press.

    • Shahnameh Manuscript, Bodleian Library, No. Or. 716.
    • Shahnameh of Ferdowsi from a manuscript dated to the late 7th and early 8th Hijri century (Bibliothèque Orientale, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, No. NC. 43). Edited by I. Afshar, M. Omidsalar, & N. Motlagh Kashani.
    • Shahnameh of Ferdowsi with Khamseh of Nezami from the 8th Century Hijri (Saddle Shahnameh). Facsimile edition from the manuscript housed at the Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia, with an introduction by Fathollah Mojtabai.

    Suzzi Samarqandi. (1959). Divan (N. Shah-Hosseini, Ed.). Tehran: Amir Kabir.

    Tafazzoli, A. (2000). Minuy-e Kherad (The Spirit of Wisdom). Tehran: Tous Publishing.

    Vahman, F. (1986). Ardā Wirāz Nāmag. London & Malmö: Curzon Press.

    Vatawat, R. (1960). Divan (S. Nafisi, Ed.). Tehran: Barani Library.

    West, E. W. (1982). Pahlavi texts. The sacred books of the East. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Wolff, F. (1965). Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname. Berlin: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung Hildeshei.

    Zaryab Khoei, A. (1991). Negahi tazeh be moghaddameh-ye Shahnameh (A New Look at the Preface of the Shahnameh). Iran-Nameh, (37), 14–23.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 07 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 13 January 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics