Document Type : Research article
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract
Highlights
Studying the Role, Function, and Manifestations of Appointees, informants, and secret workers in the Darabnameh of Tarsus
Amirabbas Azizifar
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah
Fatemeh Amiri Kolejoubi
PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah
Introduction
Heroes of mythological-epic stories have a mission, which is to advance an ideal and great goal. Guarding the identity, cultural entity, and borders of a land, as well as preserving the ethnic structure, are among the missions of this hero. He is a special character who must take a step on the path/paths of progress for "Initiation" and on this path he must face all kinds of dangers, whether human, animal, or supernatural. These progress factors appear to him in order to reveal his abilities more than ever.
Literature Review and Methodology
The book Darabnameh, written in the sixth century AH, has been published in two volumes through the valiant efforts of Dr. Zabihullah Safa. It includes a seventeen-page introduction about the name Darab, the subject of the story, and information about the author of the book, along with an introduction to the manuscripts that he used in his corrections. One of the important topics of this book is the emergence and manifestation of various mythological-epic characters who help the character of the story and, as it were, play the role of his assistant and agent. Regarding the agent, the secret messenger, and the secret worker, which are the focus of this research, it should be said that these usually inhuman factors suddenly enter the hero who is in a tight spot and save him from the tight spot or from death. The fate of the hero is such that he must survive until the appropriate time and "the fullness of the measure of life" in order to fulfill his mission, which is either an identity-national mission or a religious one. From our point of view, this agent, secret messenger, and secret worker is a manifestation of the spirit that shows itself in various forms such as animals, elements of nature, or the voice of the saving secret messenger, which is either the agent who saves the hero's life or plays a role in the awareness, growth, and development of his personality. This research, like other such research in the field of humanities and literature, has been conducted in an analytical-descriptive-documentary manner based on library study and the use of database resources.
Discussion and Conclusion
After conducting the studies, the results obtained are that the agents and their manifestations can be divided into two general categories: The first category includes elements of nature such as animals, natural factors, celestial bodies, etc., which always enter the story in times of emergency, specifically to save the life of the hero or heroes at a specific moment. After they have completed their mission, which is to save the hero's life, they leave the story and have nothing to do with what will happen to the heroes in the future or the past. But the second group includes voices/sounds that in most cases the identity of the voice owner is not clear; but considering the context of the text and the events that occur before and after, we can say that these calls and sounds are also from God or God himself; as we have seen in several cases, right after the hero, and specifically Burandukht, prays, a voice and song come to his aid. Another noteworthy point is that apart from one or two of these voices that have the aspect of warning and saving the hero's life, in the remaining cases, which also have a high frequency, these voices give information and awareness to the hero or heroes; that is, they inform the hero about an event that has occurred in the past. But another point is that unlike other cases where a person, as a guide and confidant, gives the hero a hereditary-magical tool that will help him in the future, in the discussion of the appointed, the hero is not given a tool, but the hero's immediate salvation is important.
Keywords: Darabnameh of Tarsus, Appointees, Farrah, hero
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