This journal respects the rules of ethics in publications subject to the rules of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and follows the executive regulations of the Law on Prevention and Combating Fraud in Scientific Works.

Code of Ethics for the Journal’s Managing Director

The Managing Director is responsible for ensuring that the journal operates in accordance with professional, ethical, and academic standards. Accordingly, the Managing Director shall:

• Uphold professional and ethical standards in defining and implementing the journal’s policies and strategic objectives;
• Ensure adherence to the journal’s stated aims, scope, and scholarly mission;
• Support and promote the principle of open and equitable access to scientific knowledge;
• Ensure transparency in all journal processes, particularly with respect to editorial management and the peer‑review system;
• Demonstrate accountability, responsibility, and integrity in all administrative and managerial decisions;
• Observe the principles of impartiality and fairness in dealings with all stakeholders;
• Refrain from interfering in editorial independence, scientific evaluations, and peer‑review decisions made by the Editor‑in‑Chief and the Editorial Board;
• Respect and protect the material and moral rights of authors, editors, reviewers, and all executive and administrative staff involved in the journal.

Code of Ethics for the Editor‑in‑Chief and Editorial Board Members

The Editor‑in‑Chief and Editorial Board Members play a central role in safeguarding the journal’s scientific quality and ethical integrity. They shall:

• Actively pursue the journal’s objectives and continuously strive to enhance its scientific quality and credibility;
• Select reviewers based on relevant scientific expertise, field of specialization, academic competence, research experience, and ethical commitment;
• Avoid any form of discrimination or bias in editorial and review processes, including but not limited to age, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion, or institutional affiliation;
• Consult with Editorial Board Members and other qualified experts when necessary in the selection of reviewers;
• Maintain complete and accurate records of all peer‑review documents as part of the journal’s scientific archive;
• Evaluate reviewers’ comments carefully and objectively, ensuring their scientific relevance and appropriateness;
• Encourage constructive, well‑reasoned, and respectful reviews and address any biased, unsubstantiated, or inappropriate evaluations;
• Take allegations of misconduct, plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, or other ethical violations seriously and investigate them in accordance with established ethical procedures;
• Provide authors with a fair opportunity to respond to allegations or critical ethical concerns raised during the review process;
• Monitor review timelines and ensure that manuscripts are processed efficiently and without unnecessary delay;
• Maintain strict confidentiality regarding manuscripts, authors, reviewers, and all related communications;
• Supervise the quality of the peer‑review process and prevent superficial, negligent, or unprofessional reviews;
• Protect the intellectual, moral, and professional rights of authors and reviewers;
• Identify, disclose, and manage conflicts of interest, including personal, academic, institutional, and especially financial interests that may influence editorial decisions;
• Publish transparent and accurate reports on the journal’s editorial performance, peer‑review procedures, and reviewer selection policies when appropriate;
• Participate actively and responsibly in editorial meetings and collective decision‑making processes.

Code of Ethics for Journal Reviewers

Reviewers contribute fundamentally to maintaining the scientific rigor and credibility of the journal. Reviewers are expected to:

• Conduct reviews in a critical, objective, constructive, and ethical manner;
• Identify the strengths and weaknesses of manuscripts and provide clear, evidence‑based recommendations for improvement;
• Use respectful, professional, and encouraging language that supports authors in revising and improving their work;
• Treat all manuscripts as confidential documents and refrain from sharing or discussing their content with others;
• Avoid any form of plagiarism or unethical use of manuscript content;
• Refrain from using unpublished data, results, or ideas obtained through peer review for personal or professional advantage;
• Declare any potential conflicts of interest and decline reviews when such conflicts exist;
• Decline review requests for manuscripts outside their area of expertise or competence;
• Report any suspicion of plagiarism, data manipulation, duplicate publication, or other ethical misconduct to the Editor‑in‑Chief;
• Apply accepted scientific and methodological standards when evaluating manuscripts;
• Review relevant and current literature related to the manuscript’s subject area;
• Carefully examine references, tables, figures, and supplementary materials for accuracy and relevance;
• Assist authors in improving clarity, structure, and scientific presentation;
• Observe fairness and avoid discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, gender, academic rank, or other personal characteristics;
• Provide clear and justified recommendations regarding acceptance, revision, or rejection of manuscripts;
• Complete reviews within the specified timeframe.

Code of Ethics for Journal Authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring the integrity, originality, and ethical compliance of their scholarly work. Authors shall:

• Possess adequate scientific competence and qualifications relevant to the research conducted;
• Select research topics that are original, relevant, and contribute meaningfully to scientific knowledge and societal needs;
• Commit to honesty, objectivity, and truth‑seeking in conducting research and reporting results;
• Participate actively and responsibly in all stages of research and manuscript preparation;
• Transparently disclose all sources of financial, institutional, or moral support related to the research;
• Clearly state whether the manuscript is derived from a thesis, dissertation, or funded research project;
• Respect the material and moral rights of all contributors and stakeholders, including co‑authors, advisors, sponsors, and research participants;
• Prepare manuscripts with due care, accuracy, and scholarly rigor, avoiding undue haste or negligence;
• Support conclusions with sufficient data, evidence, and logical reasoning;
• Refrain from submitting the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal, regardless of language;
• Avoid duplicate or redundant publication of previously published work;
• Respond respectfully and constructively to reviewers’ and editors’ comments;
• Observe fairness and ethical principles throughout the research and publication process;
• Properly cite and acknowledge prior studies and sources;
• Adhere to principles of academic integrity and responsible authorship;
• Observe ethical standards in research involving human participants and obtain required approvals;
• Avoid data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of results;
• Maintain transparency and confidentiality where applicable in reporting research findings;
• Avoid promoting ethnic, religious, gender‑based, or other discriminatory bias in manuscripts;
• Refrain from disparaging or undermining previous or related scholarly work;
• Follow the journal’s guidelines and internationally accepted standards for scientific writing and reporting.