Fiction Literature
manoochehr joukar; MANOUCHER TASHAKORI; masoumeh delfan
Abstract
Grotesque is a pseudo-species in which the author or speaker mocks individual and social abnormalities with an unpleasant exaggeration that is at the same time disgusting and funny. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that contains a combination ...
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Grotesque is a pseudo-species in which the author or speaker mocks individual and social abnormalities with an unpleasant exaggeration that is at the same time disgusting and funny. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that contains a combination of conflicting thoughts; Grotesque simultaneously fascinates and frightens, laughs and scares. Grotesque usually shows the face of a human being and everything that is based on it in an exaggerated and manipulated way and treats regular and logical structures such as time sequence and cause and effect relationships as if it happened. It is also possible in another way. The novel "Uncle John Napoleon" written by Iraj Mesechzad is one of the works of fiction in which grotesque elements and spaces are used to criticize some ideas and behaviors of the Iranian society. In this novel, there are 136 grotesque elements, of which the element of "abnormality" is more abundant, and the type of abnormality is mainly conceptual and behavioral; Also, in the grotesque element "horror and comic" - which has a frequency after abnormality in this novel - the comic and funny side is more than the horror side..
Fiction Literature
mahnaz abhari; manijeh falahi; ali eskandari
Abstract
The novel includes the events of many eventful periods of Iran's contemporary history, which are reported with the focus of Tuba's life. The events of the novel take place in the context of political developments from the threshold of the constitutional movement to the last decades of Pahlavi II's rule ...
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The novel includes the events of many eventful periods of Iran's contemporary history, which are reported with the focus of Tuba's life. The events of the novel take place in the context of political developments from the threshold of the constitutional movement to the last decades of Pahlavi II's rule and the height ofviolent struggles. During it, Parsipour depicts the life of several generations, centered on the life of Tuba. From this perspective, the novel Tuba and the meaning of the night is the story of the life and inner conflicts of the Iranian man, who, in addition to living in the context of political and social conflicts, is involved in the turmoil and psychological conflicts arising from the wave of modernity within himself. Study method: This article has been prepared in an analytical-descriptive method, using library resources and using scientifically valid sources. Findings: The findings of the research confirm that the confrontation between tradition and modernity has been going on from the threshold of constitutionalism to the occurrence of the revolution in various fields of Iranian society. In addition to politics and governance, this confrontation has transformed family and social relations. Conclusion: The results of this research show that at any point in time from the constitutional era to this point, on the one hand, we can witness the progress of modernity in the individual, social, and political spheres, and on the other hand, the resistance of traditional standards and standards against the relentless wave of modernity.
Fiction Literature
Saeed Karimi qare baba
Abstract
The life and art of Farhad, the unfulfilled lover of Khosrow and Shirin's story, has always had the capacity to be interpreted in Persian literature and other languages in different and sometimes conflicting with the original spirit of the story. Farhad's continuous presence is not only limited to the ...
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The life and art of Farhad, the unfulfilled lover of Khosrow and Shirin's story, has always had the capacity to be interpreted in Persian literature and other languages in different and sometimes conflicting with the original spirit of the story. Farhad's continuous presence is not only limited to the field of poetry, but also extended to the field of drama. Hekmat wrote the play Shirin and Farhad with an eye to the Nizami’s works, and perhaps based on a local legend as well as some the principles of socialist realism. In this article, which has been done with analytical-descriptive method, we have first listed the macro-Marxist concepts that were influential in the development of this play. Opposing the institution of monarchy, heroizing and leading the masses, favoring the inferior people and emphasizing public love over private love are some of these opinions. Then we have followed the discussion about what are the characteristics of Farhad's character that Hikmat came to this story. Farhad's militant and revolutionary character, as well as his ambiguous and mysterious face in legends, along with his huge and heroic stature, have made him a suitable person for socialist payment. On the other hand, Farhad has a bright face in Turkish literature. Turks have taken this type from Persian literature and cultivated it in various forms. Farhad's influence in folk literature, having dramatic structures and having a hopeful ending are among the factors that probably made Hekmat interested in rewriting and turning this story into a play.
Fiction Literature
Mahmood shahroodi; Maryam Khalili Jahantigh; Ahmad Shirkhani
Abstract
In this article, eight characteristics of migration literature from the point of view of Soren Frank, in two novels of the kite runner by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan writer, and especially by Abbas Maroufi, an Iranian writer, have been analyzed with analytical criticism method, and these basic questions ...
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In this article, eight characteristics of migration literature from the point of view of Soren Frank, in two novels of the kite runner by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan writer, and especially by Abbas Maroufi, an Iranian writer, have been analyzed with analytical criticism method, and these basic questions have been answered that 1 -How are Frank's social level (thematic) characteristics reflected in the aforementioned novels? 2- What is the approach of the authors of the examined novels in terms of the use of intratextual migration methods and their image in the text of the novel (style and form)? The results show that the expression of the work in the form of a biography of the author and the characters of the novel is observed in both novels, but it is completely specific to the reader from the stories to a famous autobiography. In the category of nationalism, the concept of nationality has gained a new meaning for Hosseini, but for Maroufi, migration is a painful alienation that he cannot adapt to. In the subject of the novel as a European genre, the Kite Runner novel, which considers its audience not regional but global, is known as a western novel, but in the novel, the author's perspective and his approach to the Persian speaking audience have caused his novel to be non-European and Iranian. Evaluated. At the level of form and style, their works reflect the world of intratextual migration, which primarily helps to create this world through a structural-formal mode.
Fiction Literature
hasan zolfagari; maryam moghaddami
Abstract
The barriers to women's employment and job promotion are among the main issues surrounding working women. Sociologists study the barriers to women's promotion in terms of glass ceiling. The Glass Ceiling is a set of factors that creates barriers on the path of women's career advancement. Fictional works ...
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The barriers to women's employment and job promotion are among the main issues surrounding working women. Sociologists study the barriers to women's promotion in terms of glass ceiling. The Glass Ceiling is a set of factors that creates barriers on the path of women's career advancement. Fictional works as the literary and cultural sources of any society play a part in representing social events and the issues surrounding the world of women. In some fictional works, the female characters face different barriers to continuing their studies, going into business, and being promoted. Conducting a study into the fictional works concerning women's employment and career conditions, the present paper attempts to identify the barriers to women's employment in terms of glass ceiling and based on a library research and a content analysis. The findings suggest that patriarchal views, marriage, work corruption, and having children are the major factors in creating the glass ceiling. Due to these factors, different carriers are dominated by men and strongly influenced by gender issues, a situation in which men win the jobs of high rank and women take the lower ones.
Fiction Literature
Ebrahim Ranjbar
Abstract
Living has overtly a clear concept, and man has always been attempting to understand this concept and its objective. However, revealing its reality has been roughly impossible so far. Novel literature shows that this type of genre pays special attention to the concept and objective of living. According ...
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Living has overtly a clear concept, and man has always been attempting to understand this concept and its objective. However, revealing its reality has been roughly impossible so far. Novel literature shows that this type of genre pays special attention to the concept and objective of living. According to this perspective, I have analyzed the novel “The Association of the Squalors” (first published in 1398 H.S) in measure and method of noticing the concept and objective of living. For the methodology, I have inferred the character's goals, aims, and ways of living from their statuses, beings, and behaviors and from the expressions and irony in the novel and illustrated how the author represents social life of the characters and their conception and goal of living. The results show that the novel represents with particular care some aspects of the social community through representing realities of their life. In this community, the preliminary needs of life like health, subsistence, housing, and employment has been damaging to the household. It has also overwhelmed the community in a way that they have rarely had the chance to think about the goals and upper grades of spirituality. Consequently, the concept and objective of living have been restricted to supplying the preliminary needs of life and this has been inferred as a pestilence for a community that ought to go ahead in developing great expectations and goals.
Fiction Literature
Arezu Pooryazdanpanah Kermani
Abstract
One of the most important issues in human life today and consequently one of the most important features of postmodernism is uncertainty. The influence of this principle in the field of literature and the influence of the novel on it has made modern and postmodern novels more attractive for the reader ...
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One of the most important issues in human life today and consequently one of the most important features of postmodernism is uncertainty. The influence of this principle in the field of literature and the influence of the novel on it has made modern and postmodern novels more attractive for the reader and the reader more involved in reading the novel. The novel "Dilmzad" by Mohammad Roodgar is one of the selected novels of the Holy Defense in which various factors have been used to create doubt and uncertainty and the construction of its main theme is uncertainty. In the present article, different manifestations of uncertainty in the novel "Dilmzad" have been studied by descriptive-analytical method and through this, the author's preparations to create uncertainty and place the reader on the border of belief and disbelief have been analyzed. Findings of the research indicate that in this novel, uncertainty is expressed in the linguistic levels, narrative, characterization, perspective and time and place of the story, and among these, in the linguistic level of the novel has a special prominence. The author has also added to the skepticism and uncertainty of the story by narrating reality and mixing fantasy and reality with disregard for the cause-and-effect relationship in the story.
Fiction Literature
Azam Nikkhah Fardaghi; Samira Bameshki
Abstract
The novel is one of the common types of contemporary literature that is directly related to the socio-political construction of any society. It has now strengthened this bond in recent decades; because epics and myths with their many capabilities can help the author to reflect the context of the metatext ...
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The novel is one of the common types of contemporary literature that is directly related to the socio-political construction of any society. It has now strengthened this bond in recent decades; because epics and myths with their many capabilities can help the author to reflect the context of the metatext and express the issues for or against it. Hence, novelists also employ different and sometimes contradictory approaches to the context of the metatext. In this study, we seek to answer the question that Belqeis Soleimani as of one of the authors of this type of novel, why and how invited epic characters to her novel?" To answer this question, we first examine the socio-political construction of the time of writing the novel (the eighties Ssi). Then, using the method of qualitative content analysis, we have clarified the author's position for or against the context of our metatext. Findings show that Soleimani by calling the active and norm-breaking activist Rudabeh of Shahnameh to her novel and making her passive against the norms of the patriarchal society and showing the negative consequences of such norms for Rudabeh as a representative of women, tries to represent and weaken patriarchal discourse by creating tension between actions of pretext Rudabeh and protext Rudabeh.
Fiction Literature
ali keshavarz gadimi; javad taheri; lida namdar
Abstract
Conclusion is one of the most important topics in narratology. The ambiguity and complex structure of the postmodern story, following the form, leads to various conclusions that make the understanding and reception of the results confusing and optimistic for the audience. In modern fiction, Bijan Najdi ...
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Conclusion is one of the most important topics in narratology. The ambiguity and complex structure of the postmodern story, following the form, leads to various conclusions that make the understanding and reception of the results confusing and optimistic for the audience. In modern fiction, Bijan Najdi has created works by breaking the classical form and structure, which has led to various types of endings, which are in the form of rotation or rotation, multiple endings, parallel or parallel, endless end, false, open, definite, proposed for you. The use of these new techniques in the endings of the story by Bijan Najdi has not only contributed significantly to the attractiveness and variety of his works, but also shows his artistic creativity and high writing ability, so that in each of his stories, different examples of these forms can be seen. In this way, the present study, with the aim of explaining the types of endings in Najdi's postmodern novels, descriptively-analytically studies the stories of two groups of cheetahs that ran with me again from the same streets.
Fiction Literature
manige farajian; Ali Dehghan; ayoub koushan
Abstract
Advances are the doctrinal and philosophical systems that legitimize the activities, institutions and social structure, values and cultural forms. In the past, these narratives represented a promising picture of the future of mankind. But in the postmodern world, they have not managed to organize the ...
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Advances are the doctrinal and philosophical systems that legitimize the activities, institutions and social structure, values and cultural forms. In the past, these narratives represented a promising picture of the future of mankind. But in the postmodern world, they have not managed to organize the lives of people and have lost their credibility. Based on this, postmodern skepticism describes the prospectus. The decline of the prefectures is one of the important indices of post-modernist stories. Moniru RavaniPour is a writer who wrote his novels in post-modernist space. The present study examines the decline of the novelty in the novel "Kuli Kanare Atash(Gypsy Beyond Fire)" from this author. Because the collapse of many evidences with biological, religious, social, and rational and knowledgeable behaviors has been narrated in the novel "Gypsy Beyond Fire." As the evidences and analysis of the present paper show, psychoanalysis for the narrative of the decline of extras in the postmodern space rebuilt the scene of traditional life in a story, and with skillful symbolism, has been able to create a sophisticated atmosphere that The most important feature of post-modern human beings is the drawing of bias. The collapse of social traditions, the skepticism of political decades from Iranian history and violations of the classical writing styles - as a great narrative - are subjects that this article retrieves them in the novel "Gypsy to the Fire" and Has analyzed.
Fiction Literature
Karam Nayebpour; Naghmeh Varghaiyan
Abstract
Emotion is one of the shared properties between fictional characters and real people. The manner and extent of representation of emotion in narrative affects the extent to which readers relate to the storyworld and determines their interpretation of the narrative meaning. In realist fiction, emotions ...
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Emotion is one of the shared properties between fictional characters and real people. The manner and extent of representation of emotion in narrative affects the extent to which readers relate to the storyworld and determines their interpretation of the narrative meaning. In realist fiction, emotions plays a decisive role in narrative characterization. Fariba Vafi’s After the End is one of the examples. The plot in Vafi’s narrative is primarily based on the role of a sense of intimacy or empathy in how friendships between the main characters begin and end. By using a retrospective narrative method, Vafi’s novel narrates the process of the narrator’s introspection in relation to the reasons for the breakdown of her relationship with an old friend. Thus, the narration of the first person singular in Vafi’s novel can be considered as the narrator’s account of the evolution of her feelings and attitudes in regard to a past relationship. Drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of the emotion and narrative, which is a sub-branch of postclassical narratology, this paper examines the role of emotion, especially the role of intimacy or empathy in After the End. The essay has reached the conclusion that the narrative plot in Vafi’s novel is based on representation of human-like emotions such as intimacy and/or empathy. Such a familiar feature expands the reader’s feeling of empathy with the two central characters and also increases the narrative impact on the reader by facilitating his closer connection with the represented events and situations.
Fiction Literature
saeed hatami; reza bardestani; Hamid Jafari Qarye ali
Abstract
AbstractTrilogy is one of the oldest genres in dramatic literature and Western fiction. Famous writers from ancient Greece to the present have created phenomena; that literary criticism community, considering specific criteria and strong configuration, in terms of definitions and examples, has known ...
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AbstractTrilogy is one of the oldest genres in dramatic literature and Western fiction. Famous writers from ancient Greece to the present have created phenomena; that literary criticism community, considering specific criteria and strong configuration, in terms of definitions and examples, has known them as trilogy. In recent years, this genre has entered the Persian fiction literature, and in the form of screenplays, short story collections, and novels, a few phenomena whose most important phenomena of fiction are the subject of this article, it has emerged in this direction. Since trilogy is new in Iran, and Iranian scholars have not explained its nature and criteria, this research tries, the degree of conformity of these phenomena with the trilogy writing coordinates found in the valid definitions of this genre; also reflect on the famous and index trilogy such as "Oresteia" by Achilles and "Three Colors" by Kieslowski. Based on the findings of this study, the Iranian authors of these phenomena did not have a comprehensive and coherent idea in your mind of the trilogy concept and its coordinates and criteria; therefore, their phenomena can be considered more or less trilogy with tolerance, and basically none of them are fully qualified in this area.
Fiction Literature
zahra koushki; mohammad khosravishakib; roozbeh mohammad reza; safiyeh moradkhani
Abstract
Abstract"Absolutism" is a thought that is rooted in various factors such as ideal poverty, materialism, lack of purpose, death of thought, failures, etc. Some " empty formalism" and " nihilism " even the same idea, but the reality is that the mean difference of the overlapping, consider a man absurd ...
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Abstract"Absolutism" is a thought that is rooted in various factors such as ideal poverty, materialism, lack of purpose, death of thought, failures, etc. Some " empty formalism" and " nihilism " even the same idea, but the reality is that the mean difference of the overlapping, consider a man absurd oriented, value for the purpose of fall Not , but the nihilism essentially no value or purpose .In the contemporary writers, Sadegh Hedayat people like the writer of Iranian intellectuals and Samuel Beckett writer which entitles him " father Khvandە Po Chi " is called , the message afferent philosophy of emptiness are . The aim of the authors in this paper , the investigated adaptive" empty formalism "in the works of the famous writer These two emphasis on two well-known work of the name of" Malone Dies" and "Owl blind " is .Type of study ,descriptive - analytic and method of data collection ,library and taking advantage of books by two authors and the content . The contents of the collection of the analysis indicate that the authors of the intellectually addition to the similarity of a lot of thought ,differences that have ,both to the impact of the Surrealist school, imitation and the thoughts and fancies himself the world of the absurd and despair Misty shows up ,with the difference that the ideas Beckett in this story more " absurd philosophical " ideas and guiding opinions " nihilists are " close
Fiction Literature
hasan zolfagari; maryam moghaddami
Abstract
Emotional divorce is among the social crises that insidiously threaten the modern family stability. Emotional poverty in marital relationship interferes with the role of the family in providing the family health, and consequently the social health. A few fictional works observe, alongside representing ...
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Emotional divorce is among the social crises that insidiously threaten the modern family stability. Emotional poverty in marital relationship interferes with the role of the family in providing the family health, and consequently the social health. A few fictional works observe, alongside representing the social events, the emotional divorce. The present paper studies the two family-oriented base on emotional divorce and Literary, Linguistic and Sociological characteristics following an interpretative research method and combining the issues extracted from them. These fictional works including My Bird and The Dream of Tibet (by Fariba Vafi), which have been selected due to their family-oriented nature, their popularity, and the numerous awards they have won. Emotional divorce has been analyzed at the literary level according to the story elements (Subject, Tem, Character, Dialogue, Atmosphere, Conflict). At the linguistic level has been studied and at Sociological level has been identified and studied causes and consequences of emotional divorce. The studies show that the low level of verbal and emotional relationship, Lack of empathy, feeling lonely, Husband's Failure in Family Commitments are the main factor in causing emotional divorce and the concealment, adaptation, leaving home, Inclination to the opposite sex are the female characters' primary strategies for dealing with emotional divorce.
Fiction Literature
zeinab nazari; mohammadali mahmoodi; mohammad amir mashhadi
Abstract
Climate stories often reflect commonalities and elements such as culture, beliefs and customs of a geographical area.One of the five areas of Iranian climatic writing is the West Climatic or Kermanshah climatic field, which has an independent identity and its history is almost as old as modern Iranian ...
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Climate stories often reflect commonalities and elements such as culture, beliefs and customs of a geographical area.One of the five areas of Iranian climatic writing is the West Climatic or Kermanshah climatic field, which has an independent identity and its history is almost as old as modern Iranian fiction.Kermanshah climate is pioneering in creating labor literature and reflecting human rights equality ideas And it has played a major role in the novel.In this descriptive-analytical study, material and spiritual elements of culture such as language, words and idioms, poems and proverbs, food and clothing, etc.Like most writers in Kermanshah, Yunsi chose the style of realism for his novels. Qualitatively analyzed in the works of Ibrahim Younesi, one of the prominent figures of Iranian climatic literature. And the analysis is over.The studies revealed that the main features of the West's climatic features in the Younesian novels were that his novels were considered among the finest works of Western climate literature.
Fiction Literature
abbas baghinejad
Abstract
Ahmad Mahmoud is a climate writer and realist whose works deal with history, events and historical figures in various ways. The " Hamsayeha" (Neighbors) novel is the author's first novel, with a compilation of historical documentation, imagination, and memoirs by the author. "Hamsayeha", while having ...
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Ahmad Mahmoud is a climate writer and realist whose works deal with history, events and historical figures in various ways. The " Hamsayeha" (Neighbors) novel is the author's first novel, with a compilation of historical documentation, imagination, and memoirs by the author. "Hamsayeha", while having the characteristics of a fictional narrative, like the other Ahmad Mahmoud novels, deals with the realist narrative of an important historical event.The story of the "nationalization of the oil industry in Iran" is the plot of this novel, and this historical event plays a central role in shaping it. Much of the novel' relationships and this historical event have been structurally related and structured.In this essay, the reflection and reflection of this historical event and its related events in the "Hamsayeha" novel as well as the author's historical approach and judgment, have been contemplated; And its similarities and differences have been explained and analyzed by historical documents.
Fiction Literature
arezu pooryazdanpanah; zeinab sheikhhosseini
Abstract
The dragon palace, the first volume of the Giants of Persia and I by Arman Arian, is the first mythical novel and one of the most successful examples of Persian teenage novels. The relationship between this novel and ancient Persian texts and Iranian cultural heritage is in reflection. The purpose of ...
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The dragon palace, the first volume of the Giants of Persia and I by Arman Arian, is the first mythical novel and one of the most successful examples of Persian teenage novels. The relationship between this novel and ancient Persian texts and Iranian cultural heritage is in reflection. The purpose of this research is to show the textual relation between the novel of the Dragon Palace and the earlier texts by descriptive-analytic method. For this purpose, the more textual approach, one of the cornerstones of the theory of the Gertratt-Genette theory, was chosen as the theoretical framework for this essay. In more text, any textual effects from another text are examined. The relations between texts in more than text, should not be of the same type of interpretation and interpretation, but the admissibility of the texts is the criterion. The findings of the research indicate the widespread connection between the dragon house novel and its predecessors, especially the Shahnameh. This relationship is based on the components of the more textual, more of a kind than the same kind of as the tragedy; However, all three processes of traction, namely displacement, increase, and decrease, are observed in this effect, among which the process of reduction is more frequent.
Fiction Literature
fariba rahimi; Naser Alizadeh khayyat; arash moshfegi
Abstract
Abstract Dual oppositions are one of the most important functions of human collective mind. For the first time, Nikolai Trojistov, a phonologist (1890-1938), referred to the term "double contrasts." This issue has been particularly respected by constructivist theorists, and novelists have either asked ...
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Abstract Dual oppositions are one of the most important functions of human collective mind. For the first time, Nikolai Trojistov, a phonologist (1890-1938), referred to the term "double contrasts." This issue has been particularly respected by constructivist theorists, and novelists have either asked for it or used it unwittingly in the narrative structure of their stories. Given the importance of the novel "This street is not accelerating", in the post-revolution literature, this essay attempts, in a descriptive-analytical way based on deconstruction elements, to examine the elements of women in the writings of contemporary literature in this novel. And has come to the conclusion that this modernist novel, in a deconstructive way, seeks to create doubts about the duality of man and woman. The apparent dual opposite of this novel is patriarchal / feminist thinking. For this reason, female characters find that their status and identity are the product of patriarchal imposed social relationships that created men and authority for the male language. The written language of the text is due to the reflection of beliefs, worldviews and emotional affairs, highlighting women's oppression in confrontation with the man, paying attention to the sense of hatred and fear in women, the sense of women's independence in the main character of the novel, protesting the male repressive and responding to With feminist criticism, deconstruction etc., it is an attempt to express contradictions in a patriarchal society .Keywords: women, writing, deconstruction, gender, world Mary
Fiction Literature
shahin ghasemi
Abstract
The main focus of this research is to analyze the narrative structure of narrative in the sacred defense novel Ermia, relying on modern models of structuralism and narrative, so since most of the research in the field of sacred defense fiction works in a general way, Or, at the very least, introducing ...
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The main focus of this research is to analyze the narrative structure of narrative in the sacred defense novel Ermia, relying on modern models of structuralism and narrative, so since most of the research in the field of sacred defense fiction works in a general way, Or, at the very least, introducing the elements of the story, in this study we will examine, for the first time, relying on modern models of structuralism and narrative, which are emerging literary criticisms, in the novel of Ermiaby Reza Amirkhani. So first, while introducing the structuralism theories Greimas and the narrative paradigm of Jappe Lint Veldt and GeererGennet, a brief history of the two sciences of structuralism and narrative in the fictional literature will be mentioned, followed by the two communication patterns (linkage and rupture) in the plot structure will be analyzed. Based on the research theory, while examining the structure of the plot, we will try to analyze the type of narration and its functions in this work, relying on the mentioned model
