Articles that have been registered in the system and have gone through the entire evaluation and reviewing process, and revisions have been made (if necessary);
If the editor of the journal has placed them in online acceptance status, they will be displayed in the ready-to-publish articles section.
Omid Zakeri Kish
Volume 70, Issue 235 , January 0, , Pages 39-56
Abstract
The question this article is to answer is on the basis of what criteria a narrative text could be classified as lyric literature. Trying to give an answer to this question, the author has used a descriptive-analytic methodology to indicate which properties, in prominent love story, lessen the importance ...
Read More
The question this article is to answer is on the basis of what criteria a narrative text could be classified as lyric literature. Trying to give an answer to this question, the author has used a descriptive-analytic methodology to indicate which properties, in prominent love story, lessen the importance of narrative factors versus lyric ones. Such factors as description of emotional tensions, poetic and lyric facets, using lyric language, and the presence of the narrator’s ego in the text are among the main components the extension of which in the text decreases the prominence of narrative and leads to the significance of lyric. Accordingly, in lyric love stories, a reader may encounter some scenes the source of which are mainly the emotions and feelings of the story character or narrator. In such texts, the poetic and emotional function is more dominant than the referential one.
Mohammad Pashaei
Volume 68, Issue 231 , January 0, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
“Her Eyes” is the first great novels written by BozorgAlavi. The sequences of the events are not chronological, and the narrator begins to narrate the story from the end of the story, and he employs different styles in narration. This article tries to analyze the narrative of “Her Eyes” ...
Read More
“Her Eyes” is the first great novels written by BozorgAlavi. The sequences of the events are not chronological, and the narrator begins to narrate the story from the end of the story, and he employs different styles in narration. This article tries to analyze the narrative of “Her Eyes” based on the Gerard Genette viewpoints after offering brief discussion on the narrative, plot and the story. Gerard Genette distinguishes five main narration elements in the analysis of a story. These elements are: order, duration, frequency, voice and mood. The narrator employs flashback in the narration of the events in the novel of “Her eyes” and he collapses the liner and time sequences after hearing the news of death of master Makan, and he returns to the past by finding an unknown woman (Frangis). The size, time and duration of the novel of “Her Eyes” can be divided into two parts; in the first part, the story is narrated with high speed, and in other words, it has positive speed and the narrator narrates the events briefly and selectively. In the second part, the narration is slow and the events are narrated in detail and significant part of the story is about short period that depicts negative and slow speed of the narration. The narrated sections in this part play an import role in continuation of the story since these sections are more focused.
MohammadReza Birang; Jalil Tajlil
Volume 70, Issue 236 , December 2017, , Pages 41-57
Abstract
Qá'im Maqam Farahani’s Monsha’at has been considered as follower of prose style in Sa'di's Golestan. Monsha’at is a collection of letters, introductions, monographs and other texts that he has written to politicians of Qajar era to show his agreement or disagreement with them ...
Read More
Qá'im Maqam Farahani’s Monsha’at has been considered as follower of prose style in Sa'di's Golestan. Monsha’at is a collection of letters, introductions, monographs and other texts that he has written to politicians of Qajar era to show his agreement or disagreement with them ,which due to its eloquent and proper prose style is considered as a great prose sample of of Qajar era, has been paid attention by critics and experts. Mostly , Experts has paid attention to the rhetorical aspects of Monsha’at such as pleasant rhyme and short sentences and have compared these aspects with prose style of Golestan, but the extent and manner of affidavit in both works that shows other facts about the influence of prose style in Golestan onQá'im Maqam’s prose style has not been considered yet. Affidavit that is considered as mentioning a verse of Quran, hadith, or a verse of other poems as a confirmation of writer or poet’s idea- in Monsha’at prose –in comparison with prose style of Golestan-has some differences and similarities. Each of these differences and similarities like criteria shows the level of influence that Monsha’at had taken from Golestan. In this paper, the differences and similarities are examined deeply and eventually it is determined that the how close or far the prose style in Monsha’at is to prose style in Golestan.
Ebrahim ranjbar
Volume 67, Issue 229 , January 0, , Pages 43-67
Abstract
The two volume novel wandering island and astray camel driver is a coded novel. To has employed different codal devices¸ all of which are novel and deciphering them is in fact a function of the internal organization of the work. Employing special scenes¸ ambiguous words¸ coded description¸ ...
Read More
The two volume novel wandering island and astray camel driver is a coded novel. To has employed different codal devices¸ all of which are novel and deciphering them is in fact a function of the internal organization of the work. Employing special scenes¸ ambiguous words¸ coded description¸ frequency of marginal notes¸ parenthetical sentences¸ specific common tenses¸ famous slogans¸ political places¸ ironical use of words¸ associations¸ the most common meaning of words¸ synonyms¸ scientific probabilities¸ specific examples¸ metaphorical expression¸ description instead of names¸ mythological traditions¸ implications of words and sentences¸ the
use of irony¸ associative properties of names and adding meaningful nickname to proper names are among the techniques which can be inferred in this novel. In extracting those techniques the author has relied solely on the style of writing¸ the author’s interpretations¸ comparison of some of the scenes¸ interaction between the scenes and their content¸ and the internal organization of the text¸ whit the exception of some historical evidence. The purpose of this study was to extract artistic techniques by Daneshvar in creating novel codes to help the expansion of the indirect significations in personal and methods of writing fiction.
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
saeid shafeieoun
Abstract
The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries ...
Read More
The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries and types. Among these, some such as "guarantee", "graded" and "ugly and beautiful" are considered as its sub-sections, and some, such as "perception" and its sub-sections, overlap it in some important features, which we refer to as equivalent arrays. we do. Considering that waqf, like many other literary arrays, has a history of use in Arabic literature, in the present study, before examining the rhetorical opinions of Persian writers, it has been followed in Arabic rhetorical sources.Explaining that the endowment of meanings was known as "guarantee" in most ancient Arabic sources and was discussed as one of the defects of rhyme; Whereas in Persian rhetoric from the very beginning it has been considered not only a defect but also one of the virtues of poetry. This research seeks to define and classify this rhetorical industry more efficiently.
Atekeh Rasmi
Volume 65, Issue 225 , January 0, , Pages 45-64
Abstract
داستان پرواز روح یکی از مسائل مهم مطرح در فلسفه و عرفان است. این نکته در آثار پارمنیدس و افلاطون با تمثیل اسب بالدار در یونان باستان نمود مییابد و با قصیدة عینیه ...
Read More
داستان پرواز روح یکی از مسائل مهم مطرح در فلسفه و عرفان است. این نکته در آثار پارمنیدس و افلاطون با تمثیل اسب بالدار در یونان باستان نمود مییابد و با قصیدة عینیه و رسالهالطیر ابنسینا در ادبیات پارسی منعکس میشود. تشبیه نفس ناطقه به طیر و محبوس شدن آن در قفس جسم و تلاش برای معراج روح، مضمون مایة مشترک همة رسالهالطیرهاست. طوطی جان مولانا نیز با تأثّر از رسالهالطیرها بر آن است تا خصوصیات مشترک روح را از الهی بودن و بیتعیّن بودن روح گرفته تا حضور آن در عرش بیان کند. این مقاله با توجه به پیشینة تحقیق1 در مورد آثار افلاطون و مولانا و نیز رسالهالطیرها کوشیده است از دیدگاهی متفاوت و با رویکردی تطبیقی، وجوه مشترک روح و پرواز آن را در ضمن تمثیل اسب بالدار و طوطی جان مورد بررسی قرار دهد.
khalil Hadidi; Ali Dehghan
Volume 66, Issue 227 , January 0, , Pages 45-70
ghasem sahrai; Ali Heydari; Maryam mirzaii mogadam
Volume 65, Issue 226 , January 0, , Pages 47-75
Fiction Literature
abbas baghinejad
Abstract
Ahmad Mahmoud is a climate writer and realist whose works deal with history, events and historical figures in various ways. The " Hamsayeha" (Neighbors) novel is the author's first novel, with a compilation of historical documentation, imagination, and memoirs by the author. "Hamsayeha", while having ...
Read More
Ahmad Mahmoud is a climate writer and realist whose works deal with history, events and historical figures in various ways. The " Hamsayeha" (Neighbors) novel is the author's first novel, with a compilation of historical documentation, imagination, and memoirs by the author. "Hamsayeha", while having the characteristics of a fictional narrative, like the other Ahmad Mahmoud novels, deals with the realist narrative of an important historical event.The story of the "nationalization of the oil industry in Iran" is the plot of this novel, and this historical event plays a central role in shaping it. Much of the novel' relationships and this historical event have been structurally related and structured.In this essay, the reflection and reflection of this historical event and its related events in the "Hamsayeha" novel as well as the author's historical approach and judgment, have been contemplated; And its similarities and differences have been explained and analyzed by historical documents.
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Abbas Baghinejad
Abstract
Postmodernism after the appearenc and transformation of Western literature has attracted the attention of some contemporary Persian writers and poets. Shams Langroudi is one of these poets. After various linguistic experiences before and after the revolution, Langroudi embarked on a constructivist and ...
Read More
Postmodernism after the appearenc and transformation of Western literature has attracted the attention of some contemporary Persian writers and poets. Shams Langroudi is one of these poets. After various linguistic experiences before and after the revolution, Langroudi embarked on a constructivist and normative language.Influenced by this approach, some co-ordinates appeared in Langroudi's poetry, which resembled the co-ordinates and components of postmodernism. In this essay, features of Langroudi's poetry, which relate to the components of postmodernism and somehow reflect this poet's tendency to postmodernism, have been analyzed and analyzed. One of these components is the "uncertainty" and emphasis on the relative components of the theological elements that Langroudi has used to deconstruct, heterogeneous, and semantic rupture; the other is the "paradox". It has been used as a metaphor for doubt and multiplicity of meaning in Langroodi's poetry; "inconsistency" is another component of postmodernism used in Langroudi's word to create wonder and wonder in the reader and to make him a subjective exploration and challenge. It is taken from other components of postmodernism that appeared in Langroudi's poetry, "suspension."Suspension has been used as a trick to create ambiguity by delaying the transmission of the message and discovering the definitive meaning of the word.
Sufism and Mysticism
Saloomeh Sayyad Rajebi; Mohammad Ebrahimpur Namin; Khosro Jalili Kohnehshahri
Abstract
Anecdotes of Elders in Persian Sufi Poems Sufi literature in its two forms, prose and verse, especially between the 6th and 9th centuries A.H., is a large and important part of Persian literature with various types and subtypes such as edicts and didactic works of prose and verse, as well as works ...
Read More
Anecdotes of Elders in Persian Sufi Poems Sufi literature in its two forms, prose and verse, especially between the 6th and 9th centuries A.H., is a large and important part of Persian literature with various types and subtypes such as edicts and didactic works of prose and verse, as well as works that report moments of passion and Sufi illumination is in a lyrical or symbolic language. One of the main and common materials among almost all these different types, although with different levels and frequency among the types, is the narration of "stories" and "sayings" of Sufi Sheikhs. This research is an attempt to present a detailed and documented picture of the quality and quantity of the reflection of the "stories" (and not the sayings) of the Sufi sheikhs in the most important Persian Sufi educational systems, including Hadiqat al-Haqiqa Sanâ'i, Attâr's poems including Elâhinâma, Asrârnâmeh, and Manteq al-Tayr and Mosibat-nâme, the six books of Mowlânâ's Masnaviye Maʾnavi, and Jâmi's Haft-orang. The results of this research show that out of the total of 300 stories narrated in these works, apart from the stories attributed to the unknown elders (47 stories), which constitute the highest amount of stories, the most stories are related to Bâ Yazid (with 24 cases), Abu Saʾid Abul Xair (with 21 cases) and Šebli (with 20 anecdotes). Also, about a quarter of all the stories are "Karâmat stories" and the theme of the rest of the stories is the teaching of Sufi knowledge and concepts. It is worth mentioning that in a historical and comparative perspective, it is clear to see the increase in attention to the narration of Karâmat stories between Sanâʾi and Rumi; As in Hadiqat al-Haqiqat, there are no honorable stories, but among the 26 stories narrated in the six books of Mowlânâ's Masnavi, 15 stories (that is, about 60 percent of the stories) are about honor. Finally, it is possible to consider the totality of Persian Sufi poems as having less attention to stories of virtues compared to types such as Tazkirats and hagiographies as well as some ancient Arabic short books.
Mir Jalil Akrami; Hosein Rasoolzade
Volume 67, Issue 230 , January 0, , Pages 49-71
Abstract
One of the innovations of literaryin the constitutional period was "drama". After the prose plays that were experienced by Akhoundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Tabrizi, Verse dramas also was writed by borroweing from Persian classics works, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and nizami worls. Verse plays are divided ...
Read More
One of the innovations of literaryin the constitutional period was "drama". After the prose plays that were experienced by Akhoundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Tabrizi, Verse dramas also was writed by borroweing from Persian classics works, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and nizami worls. Verse plays are divided into three types: 1) verse plays that have been implemented 2) Plays that were associated with the music “opera” 3) plays that have the elements of poetry in high frequency and not displyed in scence. This plays that named (close drama) or (dramatic poets) is important result in current poetry. (idela) and (afsae) and some of shahriar poets divided in this group. This paper will discuss the effects of other plays elemen (such as form and language and image) in current literature and specialy feachers of th (close drama) or (dramatic poets). Some works af akhvan sales (mardo markab) and monoochehr sheybani and shahriar review in this paper.Key words: irony, kinds of irony, ParvinE’tesami.
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Naser Bahrami
Abstract
Investigating Semantic-Pragmatic Functions of Interrogative Sentences (Questions) in Amir Hushang Ebtehaj’s (Sayeh) Poems Naser Bahrami1/ Abdul Nasser Nazariani2 1 Ph.D. Candidate, Urmia University, Lecturer at Farhangian University, (Corresponding Author), E-mail: n.bahrami1345@gmail.com ...
Read More
Investigating Semantic-Pragmatic Functions of Interrogative Sentences (Questions) in Amir Hushang Ebtehaj’s (Sayeh) Poems Naser Bahrami1/ Abdul Nasser Nazariani2 1 Ph.D. Candidate, Urmia University, Lecturer at Farhangian University, (Corresponding Author), E-mail: n.bahrami1345@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor, Urmia University, E-mail:a.nazariani@urmia.ac.ir Abstract Interrogative sentences are among grammatical categories that occur most frequently in world languages. In Contemporary poetry including those composed by Ebtehaj, sometimes interrogative sentences fulfil semantic-pragmatic functions other than posing questions including surprise, breaking news, disappointment, complaint, objection, warning, rebuke, etc. This study aims at an investigation of the semantic-pragmatic functions that interrogative sentences fulfil in Ebtehaj's poetry. A descriptive-analytic methodology is employed to survey a statistical society that includes the complete poetical works by Ebtehaj. 120 sonnets, 84 Nimai poems, 17 quatrains, 10 couplets and 8 strophes were randomly studied. The results show that in 187 cases, Sayeh used interrogative sentences to fulfil 28 different secondary functions other than interrogation including the following respectively: expressing wish, objection, surprise, complaint, helplessness, doubt, rhetorical questions, disappointment, praise, emphasis, breaking news and attracting attention. Keywords: Ebtehaj, Grammatical categories, Semantic-Pragmatic functions, Questions, Secondary meanings, Contemporary poetry. Interrogative sentences are one of the most commonly used grammatical categories in all the world languages. However, these sentences are mainly interrogative that are used to ask a question. Linguistic typology studies have revealed that interrogative sentences sometimes do not intend to ask anything but are used for exclamation purposes or to inform, to name a few. Semantic science addresses the study of subordinate meanings of sentences. Using a sentence in the figurative sense upsurge the influence of the discourse of the speech, and one of the features that improves the rhetorical style of the speech is to put the words in a meaning other than the one intended. In addition to the main functions, interrogative sentences are used to convey other meanings associated with the knowledge of meanings by taking into account the time and situation of the expression. For the questions are not only used in terms of grammatical or linguistic forms, they are also used in the literary sense. This is what semantic knowledge addresses as the rhetorical questions in which the addresser is not intended to receive information nor to be informed. He prefers to know something more than finding an answer when a question is raised. What distinguishes the linguistic from the literary questions is that the former should be followed by an answer while the latter remains unanswered for good. A question may underlie several secondary intentions by which the appreciation of the intentions of the addresser deals with the various styles of reading, the context and the atmosphere of reading. Questions in contemporary poetry, including Amir Hushang Ebtehaj’s poems, sometimes play semantic-pragmatic functions and hence are not asked in terms of questions, but to surprise, inform, make disappointment, express grievance, protest, rebuke, blame, and so on. Given that most of the researches conducted to study Ebtehaj’s poems have considered the social issues and symbolism, it can be claimed that few studies have taken into account the meaning of knowledge (semantic-pragmatic functions of questions) in his works. However, questions are of particular importance in Amir Hushang Ebtehaj (Sayeh) poems, so there are sonnets in which all or almost all the verses mainly ask questions (i.e. sonnets of the Broken Flute, All Spring, Sorrowful Sunset, In the Sedition of the Resurrection, and the Flaw Reflecting Mirror). Accordingly, the recognition and appreciation of the secondary and literary meanings of the questions proposed in Amir Hushang Ebtehaj (Sayeh) poems can help us to appreciate his thoughts and his poetic talents. This research aims to study and recognize the semantic-pragmatic functions categories of questions in the poems of Amir Hushang Ebtehaj (Sayeh). The applied research method is descriptive-analytic and the statistical population consists of all the poet’s collections. To do so, 120 lyrics, 84 Free Verses, 17 Couplets, 10 Mathnawis and 8 Pieces were randomly selected and analyzed. 187 cases were detected in which Sayeh used questions to express the secondary meaning. The results of the research show that the poet has applied almost 28 functions of the secondary meaning in interrogative sentences. The statistical analysis of the data indicates that the most frequent functions of the secondary meaning or intentions of the questions are as follows: 1- Wish: 33 questions (13%), 2- Protest: 33 questions (13%), 3- Wonder: 33 questions (13%), 4- Complaint: the complaint has been reiterated 28 times (11%), 5- Helplessness: 24 questions (9%), 6- Hesitation: 20 questions (7%), 7- Denial: 19 questions (7%), 8- Despair: 18 items (7%), 9- Curtsy: 8 questions (3%), 10- To emphasize on the news and draw attention: 8 questions (3%), 11-Concern: 8 questions (3%), 12- Apprehension: This question is asked 7 times (2.5%), 13. Sadness and Gloominess: This question has been asked 7 times (2.5%), 14- Contradictions and Resignation: 6 times (2%) percent, 15- Rebuking and blaming: 4 questions (1.5%), 16- Negation: 4 questions (1.5%), 17- Humor and humiliation: 4 questions (1.5%), 18- Repentance: 4 questions (1.5%), 19- Pity and sympathy: This question has been repeated 4 times (1.5%), 20- Pain and regret: 4 questions (1.5%), 21- Foolishness: 3 times (1%), 22- Exaggeration: 3 times (1%), 23- Feeling proud: 3 times (1%), 24- Feelings of grief and sadness: 2 times (5%), 25- Euphoria and Joy: 2 times (5%), 26. Waiting: in this study 2 times (5%), 27. Settlement or clearing: in this study 2 times (5%), and 28- Shame: this question has been used just once.
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Abdolahad Gheibi; Hasan Esmailzade; Fereshteh Asghari
Abstract
Mohamad Hossein Shahriyar, a renowned poet of Iran, and Gibran Khalil Gibran, a famous poet and writer of Lebanese literature are amongst those wrtiers who, in the contemporary world, are more associated with literary Romanticism. However, in the context of life, mystical tendencies are more highlighted ...
Read More
Mohamad Hossein Shahriyar, a renowned poet of Iran, and Gibran Khalil Gibran, a famous poet and writer of Lebanese literature are amongst those wrtiers who, in the contemporary world, are more associated with literary Romanticism. However, in the context of life, mystical tendencies are more highlighted in their works. Although Shahriyar was a Muslim and Gibran a Christian, significant common mystical concepts, symbols, and expressions can be seen in their works. The present research seeks to study the mystical thoughts and tendencies of these two well-known men of Literature by employing some mystical concepts such as true and virtual love, unity of being, mystic prayers, submission and contentment, love, intuition, praise and sincerity, as well as the application of some mystical symbols such as night and day, fire and butterflies, wine, morning and night, and light intertextually to illustrate the genius and literary ingenuity of these two well-known scholars who employed vocabulary in an artistic combination
Literary theories
mohammad khosravishakib
Abstract
Mantagh al Tair is one of the prominent mystical works in Persian literature, which in a narrative structure, deals with the story of the quantitative and qualitative calling of "birds of the world" and their collective efforts to search and reach "Simorgh". He used 194 "Anecdote" in the structure of ...
Read More
Mantagh al Tair is one of the prominent mystical works in Persian literature, which in a narrative structure, deals with the story of the quantitative and qualitative calling of "birds of the world" and their collective efforts to search and reach "Simorgh". He used 194 "Anecdote" in the structure of Mantagh al Tair. The question is, what is the role and function of these stories and why does "Attar" insist on using this type of narration? The presupposition is that the story is one of the tools and arrangements needed to shape a collective mobilization, and Attar consciously tries to base the structure of Mantagh al Tair on the "story". The premise is that the "anecdote" facilitates the transformation of the story of "I" into "us" and causes the birds to accompany "Hoopoo". The "anecdote" creates a crisis and extreme urgency. The "anecdote" intensifies the theatrical requirement of the call. The "anecdote" highlights the good and the collective interest of the birds. The "anecdote" builds a common socialization and worldview of birds. "Anecdote" increases the action and persuasion function of language and its persuasive power. The "anecdote" facilitate the fascination and conquest of the birds' minds.
Abdollah Tolouei Azar; Rahim koshesh; Ali Samadi
Volume 69, Issue 233 , January 0, , Pages 55-69
Abstract
Using allegory as rhetoric and reasoning method is a main axis in Iranian mystical literature. This procedure starts with Sanaei's poems, ripens in Attar's poems and culminates in Molavi's poems. Studying mystical allegories from morphologic point of view, makes possible their comprehensive literary, ...
Read More
Using allegory as rhetoric and reasoning method is a main axis in Iranian mystical literature. This procedure starts with Sanaei's poems, ripens in Attar's poems and culminates in Molavi's poems. Studying mystical allegories from morphologic point of view, makes possible their comprehensive literary, social and mystical analysis. This study opens wide horizons in analyzing, interpreting and semantics of Persian literary mystical texts, which are major indicators in Iranian literature.This article tries to present a comprehensive definition of allegory and specify deferent types of it. This definition will help to analyze Persian poems with morphologic method. In this way, evolution process of allegoric speech of Iranian mystics is being studied relying on allegoric elements and variables
Ali Safayi; Hosien Adhami
Volume 66, Issue 228 , January 0, , Pages 61-96
. Epicical and Mythical Literature
Rasool Rostami; Mohammadreza Rashed Mohasel; Majid Khazaei Vafa
Abstract
In the distribution of power, the Italian sociologist Wilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) believed in the existence of governing political elites who influence political decisions. His theory about this subject which is almost a psychological theory has been known as the circulation of elites. According to this ...
Read More
In the distribution of power, the Italian sociologist Wilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) believed in the existence of governing political elites who influence political decisions. His theory about this subject which is almost a psychological theory has been known as the circulation of elites. According to this theory, society is composed of two general classes: 1. The masses and 2. The elites. The latter are divided into two groups, the governing elites and the non-governing elites. The governing elites influence political decisions, and the non-governing elites only play a leading role. He attributes two psychological traits to the governing elites: intelligence and aptitude. Residues prone to violence and coercion. Speculators make the ultimate decision with conspiracy and cunning; Transformation in societies, from Pareto's point of view, is the result of the circulation of these same elites. In Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, the authors discovered evidence of this kind of circulation, specifically between two classes of Warriors (heroes) and clerics (priests). Consequently, in the epic part of the Shahnameh, most of the warrior elites are consulted with the Shah in important political decisions, and in its historical part, the governing elite association is often made up of priests
Volume 71, Issue 237 , September 2018, , Pages 37-57
Abstract
The study of grotesque elements as presented in Shiva Arastouei’s novel "Fear" (based on the ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin, Philip Thompson and Wolfgang Kaiser Abstract The concept of Grotesque which was limited to popular antique paintings at the beginning of the sixteenth century in Italy, expanded ...
Read More
The study of grotesque elements as presented in Shiva Arastouei’s novel "Fear" (based on the ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin, Philip Thompson and Wolfgang Kaiser Abstract The concept of Grotesque which was limited to popular antique paintings at the beginning of the sixteenth century in Italy, expanded its meaning with the introduction of eighteenth-century aesthetics (its association with the caricature as well) and tended toward ridiculous and fantastic elements along with frightening and disgusting aspects. Structuralisms like Mikhail Bakhtin, Philip Thompson, and Wolfgang Kaiser described various features of Grotesque from different perspectives and ultimately when seeking a global explanation alienated with this artistic style. Investigating the elements present in “Fear” novel in this study by library method revealed that this narrative work, a precursor in form and content, through combining Grottic elements narrates a terrifying atmosphere that has been employed in a feminine story for the first time and has achieved the functional goals of the Grotesque writings.
Script
Javad Bashary
Abstract
Mushaf No. 17394 of the Mar’ashi Library, written by Ismail b. Mubarak in 665 AH, contains a commentary translation of the Qur'an into Persian, which belongs to a part of the vast linguistic realm of Transoxiana. Comparing the present translation with the translation of the Qur'an from the existing ...
Read More
Mushaf No. 17394 of the Mar’ashi Library, written by Ismail b. Mubarak in 665 AH, contains a commentary translation of the Qur'an into Persian, which belongs to a part of the vast linguistic realm of Transoxiana. Comparing the present translation with the translation of the Qur'an from the existing Persian interpretations before the seventh century AH and other existing translations of the Holy Qur'an that have been published or introduced in full or in part, it is determined that this translation or the text that was copied by Ismail b. Mubarak, owes nothing to any of the previous sources. At the end of the manuscript, the scribe mentions one of his sources, which is the book "Al-Moudih" by Haddadi (the great scholar and commentator of the fourth and fifth centuries AH), which shows that he had this missing text on the subject of Quranic sciences. Examining the linguistic and interpretive values of such a work will clarify its place among the existing translations of the Qur'an into Persian. Part of this article is about the origin of the manuscript and its history from Transoxiana to Iran. In the other section, the physical characteristics and artistic values of the manuscript are stated. The nature and structure of this translation and that in many parts it becomes an " commentary translation" is also mentioned. Finally, a number of linguistic features of the work are described in several sections to show its place in Persian language studies.
Behjatosadat Hejazi
Volume 68, Issue 232 , January 0, , Pages 49-68
Abstract
محمدرضا بایرامی از نویسندگان توانمند معاصر است که دورمان او «پل معلّق» و «مردگان باغ سبز» به دلیل پرداختن او به عوامل برون زبانی مثل بافت موقعیتی، فرهنگی، ...
Read More
محمدرضا بایرامی از نویسندگان توانمند معاصر است که دورمان او «پل معلّق» و «مردگان باغ سبز» به دلیل پرداختن او به عوامل برون زبانی مثل بافت موقعیتی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و سیاسی، تکثرگفتمانی را بین نسلها و عصرهای متفاوت به لحاظ پیوند لاینفک این عوامل با ایدئولوژی و پیوند رمانها با بافت اجتماعی و تاریخی، زمینه تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی را فراهم کرده است. از دو رمان وی «پل معلّق» جنبۀ روانشناختی و «مردگان باغ سبز» جنبۀ تاریخی و جامعه شناختی قویتری دارند و موضوع اصلی رمان دوم او، جستجوی هویّت است. یکی از نظریهپردازان معروف در تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی میشل فوکوست که ظاهراً بایرامی در این دورمان از اندیشۀ او بهره گرفته است با این تفاوت که غرض وی همچون فوکو، از واژۀ «ایدئولوژی»، هر نظام فکری و گفتمان مسلّط، منهای اندیشههای متافیزیکی و تجربۀ قدسی نیست. پرسش محوری نگارنده در این پژوهش، میزان تأثیرپذیری بایرامی از نظریه فوکو و توانایی وی در خلق تکثّر گفتمان است و در نهایت با تجزیه و تحلیل این دورمان به شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی، نشانههای تکثّر گفتمان را از منظر زبانی، روانشناختی، جامعهشناختی و ایدئولوژیکی برمیشمارد.
Sufism and Mysticism
amir hossein hemati
Abstract
One of the detailed anecdotes in Asrar-Altawhid is the story that recounts the travel of Abu Said Abulkhair to Kharghan. The author of the book uses the account of Khaje Hasan Moadab. Corroboration of what is mentioned in Asrar-Altawhid with the same story mentioned in Montakhabeh Norol-olum and the ...
Read More
One of the detailed anecdotes in Asrar-Altawhid is the story that recounts the travel of Abu Said Abulkhair to Kharghan. The author of the book uses the account of Khaje Hasan Moadab. Corroboration of what is mentioned in Asrar-Altawhid with the same story mentioned in Montakhabeh Norol-olum and the treaty of Ghotbolsalekin, reveals some discrepancies. These discrepancies include several issues and in one case they have led to some ambiguities in the account. This issue makes it necessary to investigate the truth of the events in this trip and to disambiguate the reports of Asrar-Altawhid. The results indicate that the original raconteur of the events on this trip, in two cases and with a hidden motif, has distorted what has happened to Abu Said in Kharghan. One of these distortions recounts the real intention of Abu Said for going on this trip to Kharghan and the other one is the speech or the silence of Abu Said in the presence of Sheikh Abol-hasan.
Mehdi Ramezani; Naser Alizadeh
Volume 69, Issue 234 , January 0, , Pages 55-74
Abstract
Studying the ancient texts can help us to obtain some information on new terms that could make us familiar with different aspects of our past life. The existence of the sometimes complex terms could face researchers with problems in understanding the exact meanings of different works of Persian literature; ...
Read More
Studying the ancient texts can help us to obtain some information on new terms that could make us familiar with different aspects of our past life. The existence of the sometimes complex terms could face researchers with problems in understanding the exact meanings of different works of Persian literature; since due to lack of accurate information on how they work, it does not seem easy for a modern audience of poetry and prose to understand these terms. In the meantime, lexicographers’ report does not resolve any problems due to incomplete information and sometimes due to confusing information in this regard. The game of Backgammon is one of these kinds of terms. Using the inductive method and precise readout, the present research intends to study great works of poetry and mysticism to analyze the complexities and subtleties of this game. Research results show that except for Ibn Yamin and Khaghani fewer poets had mastered this game. Moreover, the frequency of these terms is used for rare and new purposes.
Behnoosh Rahimi Harsini; Ali Heydari; Mohammad Reza Hasani Jalilian; Ghasem Sahraei
Volume 70, Issue 235 , January 0, , Pages 57-71
Abstract
Hafez makes new allegories with new meanings, with replacing two concepts in to lines of a verse, based on virtual relationships among them. Such that allegory on second line, with a virtual relationship, substitute truth back in first line. Substituting allegory with truth, cause equality of them. In ...
Read More
Hafez makes new allegories with new meanings, with replacing two concepts in to lines of a verse, based on virtual relationships among them. Such that allegory on second line, with a virtual relationship, substitute truth back in first line. Substituting allegory with truth, cause equality of them. In addition figurative sense, allegory has the main and independent implication that cause two-sidedness and extent of the means. Means of this method, is from the virtual relationship, dual significance of allegory and equality authority and truth in relation to succession. The sum of these relations and the presence of both authorized and truth, creates capabilities in language of Hafez that help him in the creation of amazing meanings and images. At least 365 allegory with dual implications (authorized and truth) by succession, has been used in ghazals of Hafez. This number that lacking allegories with likened the relationship (metaphor), includes about nine percent of his verses. From its artistic functions, can be mentioned the following: succinct word, redundant in meaning, paradox, exaggeration, clarify and describe the details of an image with keeping brevity, opacity, the symbol, create allusion and irony.
Zahra abdi goraby; Abbas khaefi; seyyed hassan seyyed torabi
Volume 68, Issue 231 , January 0, , Pages 59-76
Abstract
Imagism or modern imagism is a set of images with vivid abstract and unrelated shapes which come together as cinematic editions. Imagist poets were effected by a kind of Japanese small and lyric poem and seventeen syllabic that named “Haiko” and the language of this poets is near to colloquial ...
Read More
Imagism or modern imagism is a set of images with vivid abstract and unrelated shapes which come together as cinematic editions. Imagist poets were effected by a kind of Japanese small and lyric poem and seventeen syllabic that named “Haiko” and the language of this poets is near to colloquial and routine language. They were belived that we should use from”image” instead of direct speech for object array. Imagism is different from traditional dreamy ways such as (simile and metaphor). T.S.Elliot is one of the founders of this literary school. Some of the contemporary poets have been affected of this school in Iran. In this article, besides describing imagism literary school and its method, one of Ahmadreza Ahmadi’s poems which h is chosen from “I just wept the whiteness of horse” will be analyzed. His works’ analyze shows that images make the form in his poems with evading the concept and meaning. Image originality, freedom in the choice of subject and rhythm, using the spoken language and ambiguity are some of the features of Ahmadreza Ahmadi’s poems
