Authors
1 PhD Candidate in the Persian Language and Literature, University of Lorestan
2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Lorestan
Abstract
Hafez makes new allegories with new meanings, with replacing two concepts in to lines of a verse, based on virtual relationships among them. Such that allegory on second line, with a virtual relationship, substitute truth back in first line. Substituting allegory with truth, cause equality of them. In addition figurative sense, allegory has the main and independent implication that cause two-sidedness and extent of the means. Means of this method, is from the virtual relationship, dual significance of allegory and equality authority and truth in relation to succession. The sum of these relations and the presence of both authorized and truth, creates capabilities in language of Hafez that help him in the creation of amazing meanings and images. At least 365 allegory with dual implications (authorized and truth) by succession, has been used in ghazals of Hafez. This number that lacking allegories with likened the relationship (metaphor), includes about nine percent of his verses. From its artistic functions, can be mentioned the following: succinct word, redundant in meaning, paradox, exaggeration, clarify and describe the details of an image with keeping brevity, opacity, the symbol, create allusion and irony.
Keywords
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