علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
mohammad afshinvafaie; Mahdi firouzian Haji
Abstract
This article, seeks to reveal the hidden layers of discursive communication in Sufi language and to study textual structure of Auhaduddin Kermani’s Managheb, a Persian mystic and poet of the sixth and seventh centuries. In order to achieve this purpose, the linguistic elements (nouns, adjectives, ...
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This article, seeks to reveal the hidden layers of discursive communication in Sufi language and to study textual structure of Auhaduddin Kermani’s Managheb, a Persian mystic and poet of the sixth and seventh centuries. In order to achieve this purpose, the linguistic elements (nouns, adjectives, verbs, pronouns, plural nouns, adverbs, synonyms, numbers), the structural and contextual dimensions (context and position, inversion and suspension of reality, reject criticism and questioning) and their links with the dominant discourses (the prophets, the system of caliphate and the government, the mystic elders and other texts) have been examined in three steps of description, explanation and interpretation. Finally, by comparing a common anecdote in Auhaduddin Kermani’s Managheb, and Attar’s Tazkirat al-Awliya, critical and comparative structural analysis of the text is discussed.This article, seeks to reveal the hidden layers of discursive communication in Sufi language and to study textual structure of Auhaduddin Kermani’s Managheb, a Persian mystic and poet of the sixth and seventh centuries. In order to achieve this purpose, the linguistic elements , the structural and contextual dimensions (context and position, inversion and suspension of reality, reject criticism and questioning) and their links with the dominant discourses (the prophets, the system of caliphate and the government, the mystic elders and other texts) have been examined in three steps of description, explanation and interpretation. Finally, by comparing a common anecdote in Auhaduddin Kermani’s Managheb, and Attar’s Tazkirat al-Awliya, critical and comparative structural analysis of the text is discussed.
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
Sayyed Ahmad Parsa; Negin Rostami
Abstract
Researchers of Persian literature have studied the use of Quranic verses by poets in their poems only with a rhetorical approach and have been unaware of their goals in using these verses. The present study examines this issue in Anwari's poems and tries to analyze Qur'anic verses from the perspective ...
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Researchers of Persian literature have studied the use of Quranic verses by poets in their poems only with a rhetorical approach and have been unaware of their goals in using these verses. The present study examines this issue in Anwari's poems and tries to analyze Qur'anic verses from the perspective of their functions by using Researchers of Persian literature have studied the use of Quranic verses by poets in their poems only with a rhetorical approach and have been unaware of their goals in using these verses. The present study examines this issue in Anwari's poems and tries to analyze Qur'anic verses from the perspective of their functions by usingJari and Matching. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population is 207 poems of Divan Anvari, Modarres Razavi correction and sample size according to Cochran's formula 132 poems that have been selected using simple random sampling method. The result shows that Anwari has adapted the Qur'anic concepts and themes to his desired subjects by using the Jerry rule and applying the verses; In such a way that the final theme of his poem is far from the dignity of the true revelation of verses. In other words, he has used Qur'anic concepts with functions such as persuading the audience, magnifying, reasoning, expressing his discourse, and the like, in a concise and adaptive manner in his poems, which are discussed in detail in the text of the article.
علمی- پژوهشی
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
saeid shafeieoun
Abstract
The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries ...
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The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries and types. Among these, some such as "guarantee", "graded" and "ugly and beautiful" are considered as its sub-sections, and some, such as "perception" and its sub-sections, overlap it in some important features, which we refer to as equivalent arrays. we do. Considering that waqf, like many other literary arrays, has a history of use in Arabic literature, in the present study, before examining the rhetorical opinions of Persian writers, it has been followed in Arabic rhetorical sources.Explaining that the endowment of meanings was known as "guarantee" in most ancient Arabic sources and was discussed as one of the defects of rhyme; Whereas in Persian rhetoric from the very beginning it has been considered not only a defect but also one of the virtues of poetry. This research seeks to define and classify this rhetorical industry more efficiently.
علمی- پژوهشی
Lyrical and Didactic Literature
Meisam Jafarian Heris; Mohammad Ali Mousazadeh
Abstract
Criticism and Correction of Twelve Verses of Hafez Based on Textual Documentation and Rhetorical Techniques Meisam Jafarian Heris 1Mohammad Ali Mousazadeh 21 Persian Literature and Language, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran2 Assistant Professor ...
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Criticism and Correction of Twelve Verses of Hafez Based on Textual Documentation and Rhetorical Techniques Meisam Jafarian Heris 1Mohammad Ali Mousazadeh 21 Persian Literature and Language, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran2 Assistant Professor of University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran The previous custom in correcting the texts was that the most archaic manuscript was absolutely the basis, and except for gross errors in the oldest manuscript, they did not consider it permissible to deviate from the oldest recording. Although this method was correct in most of the revised texts, the nature of Hafez’ poems and the variety of his sonnets were such that in the work of correcting his poetry, relying only on the oldest manuscript does not lead to a superior recording. On the one hand, Hafez was constantly in the process of completing various aspects of his poetry and possibly changing and modifying them, and on the other hand, he did not collect his poems himself, and the oldest written copy of Hafez’ Divan is dated after his death, which is said to have been collected by Mohammad Golandâm. It is possible that other people have been assigned to collect and edit Hafez’ sonnets. Based on this, in addition to the fact that we are faced with several original copies, the existence of numerous secondary manuscripts as well as the distortions of the scribes in his Divan, and the number of recordings in some verses and disagreements about them have caused that only referring to the older manuscripts will not cause these disagreements to disappear. In such a case, one of the ways is to examine disputed verses based on textual/semantic documents and rhetorical techniques
علمی- پژوهشی
Sufism and Mysticism
mohammad mohammadi; Mahmood Fotoohi Rudmajani
Abstract
The 10th century A.H. is the beginning of the formation of the literary currents of Qur'an poetic interpretation.This current has continued until now and was more popular in the Qajar era. Some of these works claim directly or indirectly miracles like the Quran. The basis of this claim is Persian prosody ...
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The 10th century A.H. is the beginning of the formation of the literary currents of Qur'an poetic interpretation.This current has continued until now and was more popular in the Qajar era. Some of these works claim directly or indirectly miracles like the Quran. The basis of this claim is Persian prosody order. This poetic interpretation is subordinate to the Qur'an. The aforementioned claim is examined by studying the prominent poetic interpretations of the Qur'an, especially the Tafsir Safi (1308 A.H) ; which includes the entire Qur’an; the study seeks answers to these questions: what was the motive behind the claim of the miracle of poetry in the field of interpretation or what factors provided the basis for such a claim? Has this practice led to the expansion of the Sufi interpretation tradition or is it just a claim? How is it possible to receive revelation or inspiration while interpreting? Since the principle of interpretation is within the framework of a sacred text, how can that text be a source of religious experience and a field for the mystic to receive revelatory inspirations?
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
mehdi bagheri; mohammad Khakpoor; mohammad mahdipour
Abstract
The criticism of prominent works have been common in all periods, and the importance of research in this field is not less than the value of created works. In the twelfth century AH, Imam Bakhsh Sahbai was one of the critics who inherited literary theories such as Munir Lahori, Azad Belgrami and Siraj-ud-Din ...
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The criticism of prominent works have been common in all periods, and the importance of research in this field is not less than the value of created works. In the twelfth century AH, Imam Bakhsh Sahbai was one of the critics who inherited literary theories such as Munir Lahori, Azad Belgrami and Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Arzu, incorporating into the formation of his unique literary orientation in the subcontinent. The treatise "Sharh-i-Se Nathr-i-Zuhuri" is one of the works that can be considered as the crystallization of new ideas Sahbaian that has been obtained as a result of analysis and critique of linguistic and rhetorical elements of this treatise. The outstanding feature of Sahbai's views in the field of literary criticism lies in its novelty, scientific orientation, and coherence. Among his stylistic features are manifestations of deviation from the apparent requirement (placing the manifestation in the implicit position), using the word stopped on hearing or analogy, dokhana (aware of two inertia), verisimilitude (metaphorical ambiguous metaphor), relation of words in speech, and neologism. Many of the terms in her work are the primary form of interpretation used today in modern literary criticism schools around the world; as he uses "wording" almost in the sense of texture, and "skeleton" in the sense of structure. Sahbai considers the value of metaphor in literary creations to be dependent upon its complexity and elaboration and its application in literary works. Adopting an analytical-descriptive approach, this article seeks to illustrate the unique, innovative perspective accompanying Sahbaian literary criticism
علمی- پژوهشی
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Farhad Mohammadi
Abstract
Controversy between modern poets and fans of traditional poetry is an issue that has always been of interest to scholars in the historical and cultural study of the formation of modern poetry. The debates that each of these two factions raised about poetry and its implications were based on a critique ...
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Controversy between modern poets and fans of traditional poetry is an issue that has always been of interest to scholars in the historical and cultural study of the formation of modern poetry. The debates that each of these two factions raised about poetry and its implications were based on a critique of the other side's discourses and views; therefore, by analyzing the content of each of these two groups, the concepts and opinions of the other group can be understood. The issue of the controversy between modernists and traditionalists over poetry was not only raised in literary circles, but also the poetry of modern poets. The poet's mental design in such poems is based on the contrast between the nature of modern poetry and classical poetry, which can be analyzed to understand both the poetic discourse of modernists and the implicit views of traditionalists. The subject of "Poetry that is life" by Shamloo and the poem "Honrawakanm" by Sherko Bekas, a Kurdish modernist poet, are taken from the same discussions about the nature of modern poetry and its difference from classical poetry. In this essay, they are analyzed analytically, based on literary discourse, to show the common concepts and foundations of new poetry discourse in both Persian and Kurdish literature. The result of the research shows that the literary discourse in these two poems is subject-oriented and function-oriented, and both poets have explained the nature of new poetry and criticism of classical poetry from the aspect of motivating and informing.
علمی- پژوهشی
Contemporary Poetry of Iran
Nooreddin Peyda; Rahman Moshtaghmehr; Yadoollah Nasroollahi
Abstract
After the literary revolution of Nima, numerous currents were born from Nimai's poetry and it merged with the currents and literary schools of the West and became popular. Following this, many studies and critiques were made about these poetic currents Due to the large number of available resources in ...
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After the literary revolution of Nima, numerous currents were born from Nimai's poetry and it merged with the currents and literary schools of the West and became popular. Following this, many studies and critiques were made about these poetic currents Due to the large number of available resources in the currentology of contemporary poetry Reviewing and comparing them will help us figure out which one is better In this article, we tried to critique these currentologys, and compare each of these books in comparison with each other and in the analytical review of each stream. The results show that the attempts to explain the evolution of contemporary poetry, although very useful, but in some of them there are fundamental drawbacks. Many of the critiques have been mere descriptions of a poetic current and At best, some critics have criticized poetry and interpreted poetic currents. The lack of a clear criterion in the classification of poets in the currents and even the naming of the currents and the lack of a clear time category for the contemporary poetic style, has caused confusion in some divisions.
علمی- پژوهشی
Fiction Literature
Saeed Karimi qare baba
Abstract
The life and art of Farhad, the unfulfilled lover of Khosrow and Shirin's story, has always had the capacity to be interpreted in Persian literature and other languages in different and sometimes conflicting with the original spirit of the story. Farhad's continuous presence is not only limited to the ...
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The life and art of Farhad, the unfulfilled lover of Khosrow and Shirin's story, has always had the capacity to be interpreted in Persian literature and other languages in different and sometimes conflicting with the original spirit of the story. Farhad's continuous presence is not only limited to the field of poetry, but also extended to the field of drama. Hekmat wrote the play Shirin and Farhad with an eye to the Nizami’s works, and perhaps based on a local legend as well as some the principles of socialist realism. In this article, which has been done with analytical-descriptive method, we have first listed the macro-Marxist concepts that were influential in the development of this play. Opposing the institution of monarchy, heroizing and leading the masses, favoring the inferior people and emphasizing public love over private love are some of these opinions. Then we have followed the discussion about what are the characteristics of Farhad's character that Hikmat came to this story. Farhad's militant and revolutionary character, as well as his ambiguous and mysterious face in legends, along with his huge and heroic stature, have made him a suitable person for socialist payment. On the other hand, Farhad has a bright face in Turkish literature. Turks have taken this type from Persian literature and cultivated it in various forms. Farhad's influence in folk literature, having dramatic structures and having a hopeful ending are among the factors that probably made Hekmat interested in rewriting and turning this story into a play.
علمی- پژوهشی
Fiction Literature
Mahmood shahroodi; Maryam Khalili Jahantigh; Ahmad Shirkhani
Abstract
In this article, eight characteristics of migration literature from the point of view of Soren Frank, in two novels of the kite runner by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan writer, and especially by Abbas Maroufi, an Iranian writer, have been analyzed with analytical criticism method, and these basic questions ...
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In this article, eight characteristics of migration literature from the point of view of Soren Frank, in two novels of the kite runner by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan writer, and especially by Abbas Maroufi, an Iranian writer, have been analyzed with analytical criticism method, and these basic questions have been answered that 1 -How are Frank's social level (thematic) characteristics reflected in the aforementioned novels? 2- What is the approach of the authors of the examined novels in terms of the use of intratextual migration methods and their image in the text of the novel (style and form)? The results show that the expression of the work in the form of a biography of the author and the characters of the novel is observed in both novels, but it is completely specific to the reader from the stories to a famous autobiography. In the category of nationalism, the concept of nationality has gained a new meaning for Hosseini, but for Maroufi, migration is a painful alienation that he cannot adapt to. In the subject of the novel as a European genre, the Kite Runner novel, which considers its audience not regional but global, is known as a western novel, but in the novel, the author's perspective and his approach to the Persian speaking audience have caused his novel to be non-European and Iranian. Evaluated. At the level of form and style, their works reflect the world of intratextual migration, which primarily helps to create this world through a structural-formal mode.
علمی- پژوهشی
Literary theories
Hiva Hasanpour; touraj khosravi shaabaani
Abstract
Literary discourse analysis refers to the analysis of linguistic and meta-linguistic data of a literary text to reach different concepts and interpretations. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, has investigated and analyzed the novel The Marde gereftar from the perspective of analyzing its ...
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Literary discourse analysis refers to the analysis of linguistic and meta-linguistic data of a literary text to reach different concepts and interpretations. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, has investigated and analyzed the novel The Marde gereftar from the perspective of analyzing its ruling discourse. The necessity of conducting this research is that it shows that the literary text is not only linguistic and aesthetic data, and it is possible to obtain different interpretations and perceptions of it through linguistic and meta-linguistic data. This research was done in a descriptive and analytical way and based on library sources. In terms of discourse, this story can be classified into three parts: dominant discourse, new discourse and failure of new discourse. The discourse of power, by monotonizing language and society and suppressing dialogue and other communication, takes a step towards expanding power and consolidating it as much as possible, which itself has a great impact on the construction of society and homogenous subjects. Finally, since no discourse can fully establish itself, a new discourse emerges in opposition to the prevailing discourse, which is represented by the first character of the story. By producing a new discourse, one of the essentials of which is a new identity, the subject finds a new identity and gradually the previous discourse is marginalized.
