Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
Fateme Hejri; Amir Momeni
Abstract
Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized ...
Read More
Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized stylistically based on the poets' inclination toward these axes. In different periods of the Persian language, we observe works that are composed in response to and in the same form and style as famous works, which are referred to as "mujāvāt" in literary terminology. The characteristic feature of these poems is the presence of linguistic signs that guide the audience to the intention and author of the poem. The importance of the art of response, which is specific to Iranians, lies in its role in expanding and disseminating poetry in terms of meaning and placing it in an unfinished and continuous space. Therefore, due to its significance and position in Persian literature, this article examines the literary role and functioning of linguistic axes in some responsive poems using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrate that poets have paid attention to this matter by aligning their responses with the intended axis and in accordance with it.
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
mahbuobe hemmatiyan
Abstract
Analyzing and Examining the Status of Appropriateness of Verbal Communication Factors in the Structure and the Meaning of Speech Theory of necessity is a different approach to the reason behind linguistic constructs and rhetorical arrays used in speech. Herein, the study focuses on the reason for ...
Read More
Analyzing and Examining the Status of Appropriateness of Verbal Communication Factors in the Structure and the Meaning of Speech Theory of necessity is a different approach to the reason behind linguistic constructs and rhetorical arrays used in speech. Herein, the study focuses on the reason for the quality or state of the language and the role of the requirements of various influential factors. This theory moves beyond grammar and rhetoric and studies the characteristics of speech and factors influencing its creation, besides how and why it is created.The theory of necessity comprehensively examines the basic and effective contexts in creating the structural and aesthetic features of language. All possibilities in the language are considered for explaining the characteristics of speech and sometimes affect analyzing content and meaning.This linguistic-cognitive theory studies the reasons for the existence and creation of language features in all areas of language and rhetoric. This analysis is not limited to the formal sphere of speech; Rather, how to use the formal potentials of language in conceptualization and creation of meaning is the main focus of study. In order to discover the meanings and concepts of speech (the main purpose of this theory), studying how these concepts are presented at the appearance level of language is a necessity. The theory focuses on the application of these linguistic possibilities, examines their role in creating meanings and concepts, and explains the role of meanings and concepts in determining the apparent characteristics of language.
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
seyyed Alisina Rakhshandemand; Alireza fouladi
Abstract
A look at the evolution of the title of Rad al- ajoz ala (ela) al-sadr in rhetorical booksAmong the figures of speech and literary techniques that have a long history and are presented with different categories, titles and names in Arabic and Persian rhetorical books is "Rad al-ajoz ala (ela) -Sadr" ...
Read More
A look at the evolution of the title of Rad al- ajoz ala (ela) al-sadr in rhetorical booksAmong the figures of speech and literary techniques that have a long history and are presented with different categories, titles and names in Arabic and Persian rhetorical books is "Rad al-ajoz ala (ela) -Sadr" or "Rad Al-Sadr elā (alā) Al-ajoz". The use of "alā" instead of "alā" and the replacement of "Al-Sadr" instead of "Al-ajoz" has caused what according to a group of rhetorical books is called "rad al-ajoz ", according to another group, it is the opposite , scilicet it is rad al-Sadr ela al-ajoz . Persian rhetoricians consider the source of this disagreement to Shams Qais Razi, the author of Al-Mu'jam; For this reason, a group followed and obeyed and another group criticized his opinion; Therefore, this article - which is written with a descriptive-analytical method, by reviewing the historical course and development of this literary figure of speech and its importance in the most important Arabic-Persian rhetorical books, especially to the disagreement about the use of "alā" and "elā" " and it will be clear that the primary origin and source of these disagreements - contrary to what is stated in the Persian rhetorical books - originates from Arabic rhetoric and by Sakaki.
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
saeid shafeieoun
Abstract
The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries ...
Read More
The Enjobment of meanings is one of the literary arrays that has not yet been properly studied. The breadth of the scope and the role it has as an art form in the construction of several literary forms and genres, as well as its function in suspending speech, link it to a number of literary industries and types. Among these, some such as "guarantee", "graded" and "ugly and beautiful" are considered as its sub-sections, and some, such as "perception" and its sub-sections, overlap it in some important features, which we refer to as equivalent arrays. we do. Considering that waqf, like many other literary arrays, has a history of use in Arabic literature, in the present study, before examining the rhetorical opinions of Persian writers, it has been followed in Arabic rhetorical sources.Explaining that the endowment of meanings was known as "guarantee" in most ancient Arabic sources and was discussed as one of the defects of rhyme; Whereas in Persian rhetoric from the very beginning it has been considered not only a defect but also one of the virtues of poetry. This research seeks to define and classify this rhetorical industry more efficiently.
