Document Type : Research article
Authors
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of humanities. University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Departmant of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities. University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Abstract
Highlights
Introduction
Brevity is one of the important topics in the knowledge of meanings and the science of rhetoric. However, the topic of brevity in Persian rhetorical texts is not very effectivebecause it has not been compiled and explained as it should be, and a clear theoretical framework has not been presented to the reader to understand its meaning. The reasons that caused this subject not to be able to present a systematic introduction of brevity and its types are as follows: the examples mentioned are not accurate and appropriate for it; examples of brevity with some types of etnab(Periphrasis) “array in the explanation or emphasis of the previous word” interferes; In these discussions, a correctunderstanding of the concept of "sentence brevity" has not been presented.The discussions held are mainly imitative and as a result, the examples provided for it are limited and repetitive; the names and titles in the topic of deletion (Musnad and Musandaliyah) are numerous and inappropriate; there is a lot of tendency towards Arabicization and Unfamiliarism in the two issues of removing Musandaliyyah and Musnad. Based on this, most of the evidence is Arabic and is inevitably based on the grammatical rules of the Arabic language and does not have much relevance to the examples of abbreviation and omission in the Persian language and is basically foreign to the structure of the Persian language. The discussion of the omission of the Masandaliyyah and the Musnad in the topic of news sentences, without saying anything about the relationship between the two with the ijazah of omission has caused the discussion of the ijazah to be omitted. While the two categories of deletion of Musnad and Musnadalia should be included under the title of Ijaz of deletion. This dispersion has reduced the centrality of the mentioned subject and has caused Arabic sentence patterns to enter Persian rhetorical texts more easily. In order to find these shortcomings, in the present article, an attempt has been made to review the works of Persian rhetoric writers in the past and today, firstly, to examine the evolution of the method of brevity in Persian rhetorical texts, and then to criticize the method of brevity and omission in Persian rhetorical texts.
Literature Review and Methodology
In the field of review and criticism of the topic of brevity and its methods in Persian rhetorical texts, no research has been done so far, and the researches that have been done on the mentioned topic are only practical criticisms that have only examined brevity in a specific work. In the topic of omission in rhetorical texts, the weaknesses and strengths of Persian rhetorical texts in the coherent and targeted presentation of the topics of 7omission and mention have been shown in an article. In this article, suggestions have been made to integrate a group of purposes, remove some misplaced secondary purposes, change the name of some of them, determine the limits of the Musnad, and revise the topic of "Mention of the Musnadalia". But there is still no place for the topic of elimination in the mentioned article. While the present research, in addition to criticizing the topic of omission and brevity of omission, has also reviewed the brevity of omission in Persian rhetorical texts and determined and categorized the flaws and defects of these topics.
Discussion
Some authors of Persian and Arabic rhetorical texts have tried to put the topic of brevity under other names such as "ashara", "talmih" and "eloquence and eloquence" and to explain and clarify it. This discussion is very important in the opinion of rhetoricians, as it appears from the recent naming; However, the lack of accuracy of the examples, the interference of examples of etnaab(Periphrasis) in brevity, misunderstanding of the concept of "shortness of sentence", the limited and repetitive nature of the examples, excessiveness and inappropriate number of titles, Arabicness andUnfamiliarism, and the dispersion of ijaz of omission are among the defects and defects of the related topics. It is for omission and brevity in Persian rhetorical texts. The most important of these shortcomings is not being careful in presenting the examples, which is mostly the result of the interference of examples of both types of brevity and not considering all cases of omission or shortening. More fundamentally, the rhetoricians have included every short sentence in the category of IjazQasr; While according to the definition of this method, the mere shortness of the sentence cannot be the reason for its brevity. When a short sentence is considered a concise word that can express its meaning with more words, because according to the definition of a concise word, brevity occurs when a lot of meaning is expressed with few words; Otherwise, if a meaning can be expressed only with the same words, there is no ijaza. Conciseness is achieved when a lot of meaning is expressed with few words; Not to include a meaning in the form of words, however little. Few words are not a sign of brevity.
Maybe the same number of words is enough to say the meaning. Another thing is that numerous and consecutive short sentences can be considered as containing brief speech; Provided that 1. They are not explanations of previous content; 2. Do not repeat or emphasize a meaning; Therefore, there are two main conditions for short sentences to be included in short sentences, which are: inclusion of many meanings in few words and existence of different and complementary meanings in numerous and consecutive short sentences. Therefore, it is necessary to explain and criticize these dispersions and it can, in addition to solving the mentioned shortcomings, cause the discussion of brevity in Persian rhetoric texts to be more coherent and more productive.
Conclusion
The shortcomings of the topics of brevity and omission in rhetorical texts are: the lack of accuracy of the examples, which is mostly the result of the interference of examples of both types of brevity (shortness and omission) in each other. Sometimes they have not taken into account all the cases of omission or shortening in the text. In some examples, the examples of etnab(Periphrasis) have been included in the brevity, the misunderstanding of the concept of "shortness of sentence", the multiplicity of names is also one of the disadvantages of the topic of elimination (musnad and musandaliyah) and the reason for this is most of the unnecessary and useless names that are the result of exaggeration and sometimes from The hesitancy of the writer of the rhetorical text originates in determining a suitable title for an example; Therefore, the integration of these names can solve this shortcoming, the imitativeness of the brevity topic, which has led to the repetition and limitation of examples and definitions in the mentioned topics, has caused the rhetoricians to make their writings look different, instead of creating new and relevant topics and examples. With the structure of the Persian language, they turn to Arabism andUnfamiliarism, and the issue of dispersal is eliminated.
Keywords: Briefness, Omission briefness, Shortness briefness, Rhetoric, Rhetoricians
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