Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
1 PhD Candidate of language and literature, kharazmi University.Tehran-IRAN
2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, kharazmi University.Tehran-IRAN
Abstract
An image that reflects the emotions and thoughts of the poet and a way to sensitize his inner life, while a rhetorical value is found, that it will be in the direction of cultivating the thoughts and emotions of the creator. In the work of each artist, there is a dominant idea that is present in the abundance of images, the structure and theme of his works. A poet who has an individual and creative thought shines a coherent theme on his work, and this theme, along with the poet's individual emotion, makes a great contribution to the creation of enormous images. In this essay, we will show the two-way relationship of emotion and thought in Ghazal Shahriar and Simin Behbahani on the axis of linguistic and imaginary images.
By studying the sonnets of Simin Behbahani and Shahriar, we find that beyond all the images and faces, the constant theme that leads all Shahryar's mental structures and images, Love is the person who is expecting and parting, and the dominant thought is on the thoughts of Simin, the social issues and the love and grief resulting from it, that the poet leaves the love and affection of a person and brings about social love, and his concern is the image of people's problems and sadness.
Highlights
Reflection of sympathy (emotion) and thought in making portrayal of Simin Behbahani and Shahryar
Khalil Nikkhah
PhD. Candidate of language and literature, kharazmi University
Effat Neghab
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, kharazmi University
Abstract
This paper addresses to the reflection of emotion (sympathy) and thought in poetic images in the poems of Shahryar and Simin Behbahani and also investigate the poet's mental and emotional relation with issues and problems and the kinds of dominant themes in their poems, linguistic and imaginary images and kinds of imagination.
Keywords: Contemporary lyrics, Image, Thought; Emotion (Sympathy, Shahriyar, Simin Behbahani.
Introduction
The image (portroyal), which is a reflection of the poet's emotion (sympathy) and thought and is a way to make sense inside him, will have a rhetorical value while it is in line with raising the poet's thought and emotion. In every artist's work, there is a dominant idea which is present in the images, structure and content of his works. A poet who has personal and creative thought casts a coherent theme on his works, and this theme, along with the poet's personal emotion (sympathy), helps him to create large images, remarkably.
Discussion
Since the relation between poet with things and the world outside is the function of his emotional states and thoughts, this emotional relation of images has been investigated in the four forms of description, empathy, oneness and reincarnation which have been used by these two poets in different situations. In the case of description, where the image is created just for the sake of the image, the aim of Shahriyar and Simin using rhetorical devices (techniques) such as simile, metaphor and irony was merely describing the same thing they see and they don't manipulate in things to create a new or innovative one, but they make the real image of thing which are outside. In the early and classical poems of these two poets, these kinds of images can be seen abundantly.
In the romantic poems of Shahriyar and Simin, there is much more empathy with nature and its phenomenon, society and different issues in it and move away from merely descriptive state which has direct relationship with life periods and their intellectual development. But, in the process of oneness and reincarnation, the connection between the essence of poets and objects and issues is much stronger than empathy and these two poets feel more oneness and unity between themselves and object and metaphorical language has more capabilities to express this kind of emotional relationship. Here, two mode of humanism and animalism have been used in these descriptions. This aspect is more dominant in Simin's poetic image.
Conclusion
Since, there is dominant theme in every great and style owner poet work which casts a shadow over all of his work, there is exclusive theme in the poems of Shahriyar and Simin which is present in the form, structure, style, sense and concept of their poems. Vast imagination creates many contexts in Shahriyar's poets and ups and down of his life donate a wide horizon to him. The predominant theme of lyrics of Shahriyar was(is) Love. The thoughts of lover and beloved dominates all images. Shahriyar sees love as undeniable truth and think premier and superior than this world, in it. He places the highest dignity on love, although he pays attention to moral, national, religious, educational and social issues too.
Simin Behbahni should be considered as one of the most capable contemporary poets of Iran in terms of innovation and creativity in expressing poetry novel sense and themes. In issues such as love, Simin offer new look and different from society and ideas such as defense of women's rights and injustice against them, various social and political issues distinguished her poetical images.
Investigating linguistics and fantastic images will reveal another aspect of poems of Shahriyar and Simin. In linguistic images in which poet create an image for reader by means of real language and glossary use of word, the most important function of it is to make space in which poet's sympathy and thought develop.
In lyrics of Shahriyar and Simin, making images based on vocabulary has significant place. Vocabulary used to create this kind of images in Shahriyar's lyrics often relate to concepts such as love, beloved or grief of loss and in Simin's lyrics often relate to concepts such as love, religious, politics and society. These keywords have pushed Shahriyar's lyrics to love and related issues and Simin's lyrics have pushed to social romantism.
Shahriyar and Simin have created beautiful (pretty) images by means of literary techniques such as simile, metaphor and irony, which have high frequency in poems. Fantastic images which are examinable in two vertical and horizontal axes, are horizontal in both poems' lyrics.
Major similes in their lyrics (sonnet) are sensory to sensory and it indicates that poet tried to capture images from the tangible and sensible realities around him/her. Notably, kinds of illusion and unreal similes can be seen in Behbahni's lyrics. There are explicit, ironic and diagnostic metaphors in Shahriyar's lyrics. (absolute) metaphor such as Narcissus and Cypress has the most frequency and in terms of tenor includes nature, objects, religious elements and animals and in terms of vehicle includes the poet and his lover. Among various types of metaphors, recognition, in the form of poetic addresses, addresses to the heart have the highest frequency. In the works of Behbahani, similes have frequency more than metaphor and among metaphors, and because of poet's tendency to recognition and imagery, Irony metaphor has higher frequency than absolute metaphor.
In general, poetic images of these two poets in their lyrics are in the same direction, and in this regard, all the images are in line with inducing their purpose.
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