Sufism and Mysticism
Saloomeh Sayyad Rajebi; Mohammad Ebrahimpur Namin; Khosro Jalili Kohnehshahri
Abstract
Anecdotes of Elders in Persian Sufi Poems Sufi literature in its two forms, prose and verse, especially between the 6th and 9th centuries A.H., is a large and important part of Persian literature with various types and subtypes such as edicts and didactic works of prose and verse, as well as works ...
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Anecdotes of Elders in Persian Sufi Poems Sufi literature in its two forms, prose and verse, especially between the 6th and 9th centuries A.H., is a large and important part of Persian literature with various types and subtypes such as edicts and didactic works of prose and verse, as well as works that report moments of passion and Sufi illumination is in a lyrical or symbolic language. One of the main and common materials among almost all these different types, although with different levels and frequency among the types, is the narration of "stories" and "sayings" of Sufi Sheikhs. This research is an attempt to present a detailed and documented picture of the quality and quantity of the reflection of the "stories" (and not the sayings) of the Sufi sheikhs in the most important Persian Sufi educational systems, including Hadiqat al-Haqiqa Sanâ'i, Attâr's poems including Elâhinâma, Asrârnâmeh, and Manteq al-Tayr and Mosibat-nâme, the six books of Mowlânâ's Masnaviye Maʾnavi, and Jâmi's Haft-orang. The results of this research show that out of the total of 300 stories narrated in these works, apart from the stories attributed to the unknown elders (47 stories), which constitute the highest amount of stories, the most stories are related to Bâ Yazid (with 24 cases), Abu Saʾid Abul Xair (with 21 cases) and Šebli (with 20 anecdotes). Also, about a quarter of all the stories are "Karâmat stories" and the theme of the rest of the stories is the teaching of Sufi knowledge and concepts. It is worth mentioning that in a historical and comparative perspective, it is clear to see the increase in attention to the narration of Karâmat stories between Sanâʾi and Rumi; As in Hadiqat al-Haqiqat, there are no honorable stories, but among the 26 stories narrated in the six books of Mowlânâ's Masnavi, 15 stories (that is, about 60 percent of the stories) are about honor. Finally, it is possible to consider the totality of Persian Sufi poems as having less attention to stories of virtues compared to types such as Tazkirats and hagiographies as well as some ancient Arabic short books.
Aliakbar Samkhaniani
Abstract
Analysis of Saʾdi's Philosophical Parresia and Anti-Authoritarian Discourse in the First Chapter of Saʾdi's BustânDiscourse analysis is a common subject between linguistics and different branches of humanities and social sciences and tries to show the coherence of form and meaning in a text or ...
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Analysis of Saʾdi's Philosophical Parresia and Anti-Authoritarian Discourse in the First Chapter of Saʾdi's BustânDiscourse analysis is a common subject between linguistics and different branches of humanities and social sciences and tries to show the coherence of form and meaning in a text or communication field. Literary texts are one of the most important discourse texts. Discourse analysis in literary works is of significance not only in more accurate knowing of works but also in anthropology, Understanding of communication structures and cogitative foundations of a society. The "anti-authoritarian" discourse, which is an appendage of the term "tyranny" can be found in Persian literary and historical texts with different characteristics, components and titles. The analysis of anti-authoritarian discourse examines the demonstrations of this critical discourse in a semiotic field and an interdisciplinary study. The present study tries to prove the systematic unity of the components of the first chapter of Bustân in Saadi's anti-authoritarian discourse by describing, explaining, interpreting verbal behavior, linguistic usage, rhetorical dimensions, formulation of concepts and components. In the current research, the theories of Foucault and the methods of Norman Fairclough and Theo Van Dyck are used in discourse analysis.
Literary theories
fatemeh hayatdavoodi; mohammad hassan hassanzadeh; asad abshirini
Abstract
Ecopsychology studies human psyche in relation to environment. Psychology, which is based on Freud's theory of personality structure, is product of mutual, interactive and conflicting relationship between three factors of Id, ego and superego. Of course, ecopsychology is opposed to Freud's views when ...
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Ecopsychology studies human psyche in relation to environment. Psychology, which is based on Freud's theory of personality structure, is product of mutual, interactive and conflicting relationship between three factors of Id, ego and superego. Of course, ecopsychology is opposed to Freud's views when it emphasizes introduction of God into individual's worldview. Now, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will deal with question of what effect nature has had on spirit and behavior and actions of people in fictional community of Empty Place of Solouch of Dolatabadi? To show the dominance of nous that such crises have created in personality structure of Solouch family and caused balance of their ego to be disturbed. The results of research show that dominance of nous in this novel, with mechanization of agriculture by Mirza Hassan, regardless of its compatibility with environment and its people, Solouch with chaotic impulses of "id", Mergan with grief and Makholia Abrav with inability of his "ego" to balance between "id", "superself" and outside world, Abbas with antisocial personality disorder and Hagar has faced dependent personality disorder. In fact, the dominance of nous, because it was used without considering the resilience of the environment and people of that region, has upset the ego balance of the novel's characters and caused them to have personality disorders that cause of such disturbances can be seen in lack of unconscious emotional participation of characters of novel with natural phenomena influenced by capitalist world and humanism of Enlightenment era.
Persian Rhetoric and Grammar
Mohammad Hasan Jalalian Chaleshtari
Abstract
Shahnameh isone of the most detailed works of the first centuries of the officialization and spread of Dari Persian after Islam. This precious treasure contains authentic and reliable evidence of the Persian language elements of this period and contains many keys in solving the unknown issues of the ...
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Shahnameh isone of the most detailed works of the first centuries of the officialization and spread of Dari Persian after Islam. This precious treasure contains authentic and reliable evidence of the Persian language elements of this period and contains many keys in solving the unknown issues of the mother of Dari Persian language, i.e. Middle Persian. Conversely, due to the antiquity of its language, there are points in this work that cannot be known except through the knowledge of Middle Persian and other Middle and Old Iranian Languages. In this article, three words "šād", "may" and "pašēmān šudan" are discussed in Shahnameh and using the internal evidence of this work as well as some evidence of other Persian texts as well as evidence from ancient languages, different meanings for the first two words and a lesser-known construction for a specific structure of the third one is presented in Dari Persian. The suggested meaning for "šād" is "rich and wealthy". The word "may" is considered to be the original Persian form of "maγāk" and "pašēmān šudan" is considered as an impersonal verb.
Literary theories
Mohamamd MOHAMMADI-AGHDASH; Behnam Moharamzadeh
Abstract
تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی شاخهای جدید و بین رشتهای در علوم انسانی و بالاخص در حوزه نقد زبانشناختی است که در سالهای اخیر توسعه بیشتری پیدا کرده و در تحلیل مسائل مختلف ...
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تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی شاخهای جدید و بین رشتهای در علوم انسانی و بالاخص در حوزه نقد زبانشناختی است که در سالهای اخیر توسعه بیشتری پیدا کرده و در تحلیل مسائل مختلف سیاسی- اجتماعی و البته متون ادبی خودنمایی میکند. نورمن فرکلاف نظریه پرداز و بنیانگذار این جریان فلسفی-زبانشناختی در اواخر قرن بیستم میلادی با دریافت و گذر از نظریات نشانهشناسی، تأویلگرایی گادامر، دیرینهشناسی میشل فوکو و با رد آراء صرفا اقتصادگرایانهی نئوکمونیستها و با نگاهی به پساساختارگرایی دریدایی توانست مفهوم گفتمان قدرت و مردم را از طریق ساختهای ایدئولوژیک به دستآمده از صورتهای زبانی تازگی ببخشد.مقالهی حاضر میکوشد با رویکردی تطبیقی، مفهوم کلیدی و کلان مدرنیته را در بافت موقعیتی رمانهای مدیر مدرسه از جلال آل احمد و سفر به انتهای شبِ لویی-فردینان سِلین فرانسوی، که اصطلاح مدرنیته به عنوان گفتمان قدرت در رمانهای نیمه اتوبیوگرافیک (خود زندگینامه) مذکور در تضاد با گفتمان رسمی قهرمانهای داستان است، بر اساس رویکرد نظری نورمن فرکلاف تحلیل و بررسی کند. باید گفت که آل احمد در مدیر مدرسه قصد انتقاد از عواقب جامعهای را دارد که غربزده شده و به تقلید از مدرنیتهی غربی اخلاق، معنویات و فرهنگ سنتی را به فراموشی سپردهاست. سِلین نیز در سفر به انتهای شب با دنیای پست مدرن غرب و گفتمان مدرنیته که در جایگاه گفتمان قدرت قرار دارد، رسم و رسوم جاری بین افراد جامعه را، که تحت تاثیر پدیدهی مدرنیزاسیون دولتی و ظهور بیش از پیش ماشینهای صنعتی هویت انسانی خود را باختهاند، در قالب جملات قصار و لحن عامیانه به دیدهی تحقیر مینگرد.
History of literature of Iran
mahdi rahimpoor
Abstract
AbstractThe first possible work in Persian in AnatoliaAfter the establishment of the Seljuks in Anatolia, the Persian language flourished there and caused many works in Persian to be written in that land. Much research has been done on what work was first written in Persian in Anatolia, and Iranian and ...
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AbstractThe first possible work in Persian in AnatoliaAfter the establishment of the Seljuks in Anatolia, the Persian language flourished there and caused many works in Persian to be written in that land. Much research has been done on what work was first written in Persian in Anatolia, and Iranian and Turkish scholars have written articles in this field. Earlier, Habish Ibn Ibrahim of Tefilissi (d. 559 or 579 A.D.) was considered the first Persian writer of the Roman Empire to have written several works in Persian of that land. But in recent years, another treatise entitled "Keshf’ al Aqaba" has been included in a collection of treatises written in the eighth century. The date of writing of this work is estimated to be late 5th century, which is very interesting to consider and if this hypothesis is proven, the date of writing of the first work in Persian in Anatolia goes back more than half a century and in terms of history of Persian language and literature in Anatolia It is important. In this article, while briefly introducing the treatise, there are indications that this work can be accepted as the first possible work in Rome.
Sufism and Mysticism
Mohammad Ebrahimpur Namin
Abstract
One of the types of writings in Sufi literature is collections collected in recording and quoting the sayings of Sufi elders and elders؛ Works that in a general sense are called Sufi memoirs. This group of works is generally derived from a common tradition in most of the almost all religions and sects ...
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One of the types of writings in Sufi literature is collections collected in recording and quoting the sayings of Sufi elders and elders؛ Works that in a general sense are called Sufi memoirs. This group of works is generally derived from a common tradition in most of the almost all religions and sects that the lives of saints and saints, especially after their death, are not limited to the objectivity and historical reality of their lives, but more intertwined and covered with multiple layers of myth. A tradition of all kinds in its broadest sense can be interpreted as Hagiography. This heritage of Sufism as a type / genre has been mentioned in old and new sources with expressions such as circumstances or situations / Tazkereh / Sira or Sirat or Sirtnameh or Sir / Maqamat and Manaqbeh or Manaqbehnameh / Walinameh / Ulyanameh. The present study is a critique of the genre and examines the historical perspective of the developments of this type of Sufi writings, which shows how the genre originated from the legacy of the early ascetics and at the peak of its development leads to the specific scriptures of the elders.
