Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
1 Educated/ Persian Language & Literature Groupe، Islamic azad university،Tabriz branch، Tabriz،Iran
2 Associate Professor/Persian Language & Literature Groupe،Islamic Azad university،Tabriz Branch، Tabriz،Iran
Abstract
The mythical critique as one of the approaches to contemporary literary criticism explains the nature and characteristics of myths and their role in literature. In this article, we analyzed Garshaspname Asadi Tusi's based on Pearson's view, which is one of mythical critique viewpoints. Garshasb's life consists of various trips that each journey gives rise to one of the characteristics of his personality. And then his personality is complete. The giraffes of the Gershaphas show his passage from his stage to life and then himself. With the advent of the ancient pairs of the pattern, the background to the birth of the sacred child, Khodabano, the death and rebirth, the ideal of the city and .... Garshasb, the hero of these trips, fell in love with his inner and social journey through various obstacles and trials. And conquer on fairy instead of blending with him and perform Sacrifice ceremony And what inspires the immortality of the spirit of Garshasb is the awareness and cognition that the traveler gains from the father and other helpers during the journey.
Highlights
Gharshasbnameh mythological criticism based on Pearson’s viewpoint
Roghaije moghaddam[1]
Educated/ Persian Language & Literature Groupe، Islamic azad university،Tabriz branch
Hamid Reza Farzi[2]
Associate Professor/Persian Language & Literature Groupe،Islamic Azad university،Tabriz Branch
Ali Dehghan[3]
Associate Professor/Persian Language & Literature Groupe،Islamic Azad university،Tabriz Branch
Introduction
Asadi Toosi’s Garshasbnameh is one of great epic poems of Iran in which the hero, Garshasb, has mythological background between Iranians and Indians, signifying the need for its analysis from different aspects to bring its importance into more light. Meanwhile, the Archetype Criticism, a contemporary critical approach, can help to identify the characteristics of Myths and Archetypes and their roles in this work. In this paper, the analysis of Kohnalgoii, the story of Garshasb, in the process of the courses of psychology and literature is based on the theory of the wakening of Hero in Carol Pearson. Carol Pearson (1944), first in his book My Decent Life, and then in the Wakening of the inner Hero names twelve archetypes helping to get to self-recognition and revolutionize the world. According to him, every human likes a hero in changing themselves to life and then their own in three preparation to travel, the travel itself, and returning from travel by means of certain archetypes which builds his life. In this inner evolution, they help in the creation of the universe, helping their peers as well.
Goals and methods
In this paper, first we describe the theory of Wakening the inner hero of Pearson and aiding Archetypes in this matter. Then, the effect of the help of these theories has been analyzed. The Garshasbnameh of Asadie Toosii narrates the life story of Garshasb with some modification. The study of this work shows that the plot of Garshasb’s different voyage all together makes the pattern of Garshasb’s unique life voyage. Among these voyages, his voyage to Rome considering his paying to deep thinking and psychology of human and utilizing the symbols it depicts the different levels of inner hero’s voyage. In returning from India, Garshab is appeared next to his father with the consequence of innocence archetype in a royal setting. However, Gaeshasb is inflicted with a moral decline as a prerequisite of this archetype, committing a haphazard killing of Kahnodii, a close member of Garshasb, under the influence of orphan archetype, fearing the judgment of others gets an inner conflict and in an accompany with inner child changes to self-defender and leaves Garshasb’s court. The present of the orphan to him is the outbreak of warrior and lover archetype. The pioneering of Garshasb to enter to life level, Campbell or self-ideal of Yung starts with a need to find a wife.
Garshasb has to stay emotionally away in response to his soul in order to find his own path. As a result, he heads to Rome getting aid from explorer archetype, facing problems meanwhile which are in fact his inner and outer conflicts. A lion attacking and pirates who take possessions of caravans are the shades of Garshasb’s revelation who can conquer them by the aid of warrior archetype. He can visit the daughter of the King by the aid of the archetype of omnipotent old man appearing in the face merchant and his wife, causing him to experience the archetype of lover in himself. In the court of the king of Rome, he tears away the mask of his chief warrior ship and introduces himself as the anonymous hero. With the advent of destructive archetype, the possibility of change in his facing and the death suffering in his body. Accepting the death, he pulls the arrow of the king of the Rome and with his love to others proves the shades in himself. With the unity of consciousness and unconsciousness he marries the goddess in order to know the holly and with recognizing the grander of the suffering to be led to his inner self and through this accomplish his revelation. In his return, he has to deal with the problems of it. The burning desert, a river on which a lady with make-up is put on a wood, Garshasb has to deal with all at once proving his soul power and be born in in a symbolic way of new hero entering a new phase of his life “the phase of himself”. In his return to his father, he has become able to unite the inner and outer world by the aid of dominance archetype; like a ruler to take control of his land and his inside; to follow certain new methods in his life; to utilize the best from resources by identifying order and path. With the aid of supernatural power of witchcraft archetype, he tries to influence others and the king of Rome to ask him to forgive and unite of the two countries. By accepting apologies, he changes the situation and gets in peace with Rome and by this influences the life of his peers. He tries to play a role in the completion of the world by bringing unity and peace not for Iran but for the world and become the symbol of peace. Since he has become able to get rid of his ethnic and tribal prejudices to think in a universal domain which is belong to religious realm. But the voyage of Garshasb continues to a witch level bringing forth the archetypes of genius and picaresque do not show up.
Conclusion
The results show that the character of Garshasb is in line with the characteristics of other epics. By doing different things in his voyage, Garshasb can pass the levels of self and life to get to awakening of inner hero. In Iranian myths, it is emphasized that the warriorhood of Jamshied has passed down to Garshasb, in this voyage also the different archetypes ranging from which to innocent have been exposed. In both of revelation and return of voyage the dominance is with archetype of warrior. On the other hand, Garshasb is a kind of invincible character type who appears at the end period and kills Zahak, this tendency to invincibility is shown in his voyage to Rome to marry the daughter of the king.
Keywords: Gharshasbnameh, Mythical Criticism, Pearson, Travel.
References
- Strickland, Bonnie, ed. (2001) The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. Second edition. USA: Gale Group.
- Eliadeh, Mircha (2015), History of Religious Thoughts, translated by Behzad Saleki, Parseh Book, Tehran, first edition.
- Palmer, Michael, (2009), Freud, Jung and Dean, translated by Mohammad Dehganpour and Gholamreza Mahmoudi, Tehran Roshd.
- Prop, Vladimir (1989), Morphology of fairy tales, translated by Fereydoon Badraei, first edition, Tehran, Toos.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)