An Analysis of the Morphological Arrangement of Rhymes in Hafez’s Ghazals(Focusing on Rhymes Ending in-Yā)

Document Type : Research article

Author

Associate Professor of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

The pattern of rhyme arrangement is derived from the rhymes in Hafez's ghazals that end with the indefinite Ya (یاء نکره), relational Ya (یای نسبت), infinitival Ya (یای مصدری), and verbal Ya (یای فعلی). This research aims to answer the following questions: Is there a method or pattern for reading rhymes formed with different types of -Ya in Hafez’s poetry? What is the nature of this rhyme arrangement? By answering these questions, the study seeks to achieve its primary goal: a more accurate and precise reading of rhymes in Hafez’s poetry. The findings demonstrate that in Hafez’s ghazals, only the rhymes formed with the indefinite -Ya appear consistently and uniformly, without mixing with infinitival or relational rhymes (a total of 36 ghazals). In contrast, neither relational forms (with relational -Ya) nor infinitives (with infinitival -Ya) are ever used exclusively as rhymes in any ghazal. The main reason for the incompatibility of the indefinite -Ya with the relational and infinitival -Ya is the difference in pronunciation and phonological structure among these three forms. Approximately 13 ghazals may pose challenges or lead to misreadings for some readers and students of Persian poetry. However, it is evident that the difficulty in reading does not apply to everyone. This research attempts to offer a model for reading rhymes in poetry—especially in ghazals— with the goal of establishing a principle or standard that can be applied to the reading of all poets' works. The important rhymes (with indefinite Ya) that may be subject to misreading or difficult reading include: Folāni, Ravāni, Javāni, Niknāmi, Tamāmi, Xosh-xarāmi, Digari, Xodkāmi, Homāyi, Xomāri, and Tamāshāyi.

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References

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Persian Language and Literature
Volume 78, Issue 251
July 2025
Pages 146-167

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 08 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 15 July 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2025

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