Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Authors

• ali hashemzadeh ¹
• hamidreza farzi ²
• ali dehghan ³

¹ PHD student of Persian languages and literature group, Branch of Tabriz. Islamic Azad University Tabriz, Iran

² Associate Professor of Persian languages and literature group, Branch of Tabriz. Islamic Azad University. Tabriz, Iran

³ Associate Professor of Persian languages and literature group, Branch of Tabriz. Islamic Azad University Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

One of the ways of life continuation of the myths is their modification into tale or story, especially vulgar tales. One of such stories is “Gol & NoWrouz” of “Khajooy-e-Kermani” in which one can notice the ancient myths and legends. In this paper, the mythical deep structure of this story has been scrutinized based on familiarization (social acquaintance) rituals and symbols. The authors of this paper assume that one can notice the traces of familiarization ceremonies and rituals in the deep structure of these stories. According to this pre-assumption and by analyzing the contents of these types of stories, adjustability of these stories with familiarization ceremonies has been proved. One can notice most of the elements and ceremony phases of familiarization such as isolation, separation, death, rebirth, enlightenment on the tree foot and hard tests (torture) of the knowledgeable old person (guide) in these stories In addition to these, there are other symbolic elements and ancient patterns which are connected with the main theme (familiarization) and they have been analyzed accordingly

Highlights

In-depth analysis of the mythological structure of the story of "Gol and Nowruz" based on introducing rituals and symbols

 

Ali Hashemzadeh, Ph.D Student in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran.

Hamid Reza Farzi, Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran.

Ali Dehghan, Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran.

 

 

Abstract

One way for the myths to survive is to change them into stories, especially folk tales; One of these stories in which the reflection of ancient myths and legends can be seen is the story of "Gol and Nowrouz" by Khajoyi Kermani. In this article, the depth mythological structure of this story is studied by relying on the introducing rituals and symbols (Paghoshaie). Assumption of the authors was that in the depth structure of this story, one can see the traces of the introducing ceremonies and rituals. Based on this assumption and by analyzing the story content, it has been proven that this story is compatible with the introducing ceremony. Many elements and the stages of this ceremony, including isolation, separation, death and rebirth, illumination at the foot of the tree, hard tests (torture), old wise (guide) can be seen in the story. In addition, there are other symbolic and archetypal elements in the text which are related to the main theme and have been analyzed accordingly.

Keywords: myth, Introduction, Isolation, Death and Rebirth, old wise, flower and Nowruz

 

Introduction

Gol and Nowruz, by Kamal al-Din Abu al-Atta Mahmud Ibn Ali Ibn Mahmud, known as Khajoyi Kermani (752-989 AH) is one of the great poets of the first half of the eighth century. This poem is the love story of an Iranian prince named "Nowruz" who was in love with "Gol", the daughter of the Roman king. Khajoyi Kermani wrote this poetry in the month of Safar 762 AH, following the story of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami. It has 5306 verses. One of the main points of this system is its deep mythological construction, which has been analyzed in the present study. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of work space, it is conducted in the library. The main question of the present research is what are the myths used in the construction of the story of "Gol and Nowruz" which are related to introducing rituals and symbols? The authors have assumed that Khajoyi Kermani has used some mythological elements related to the introducing rituals and symbols.

 

 

Findings (mythical elements and themes used in the depth structure of the story(

1. Hero: The hero of the story is Nowruz who triumphantly goes through his heroic journey with various adventures and comes back with Gol to his father.

2. Princess: The princess of this story is "Gol", the daughter of the Roman king.

3. Isolation: it refers to Nowruz stay in the palace, which leads to his grief.

 4. Introduction: Separation of Nowruz from the family, going through the stages of transformation and evolution by performing heroic deeds, returning to the family with Gol and being a king.

 5. Death and rebirth of Nowruz, sleeping and waking up as a result of a dream, fighting the dragon, his other battles with the Roman slam of Shabla Zangi, Farrokh Rooz Shami, the magic storm and killing them.

6. Leader: Keshmir merchant, two nightingales, priest, fairy, unseen old wise man as a priest.

7. The hero partner: A person named Mehran, who is assigned to accompany Nowruz on a trip to Rome.

8. Tree: Nowruz dreams that he has fallen asleep at the foot of the cypress tree and two nightingales sitting on its branch and talking about his destiny. Here, tree is the symbol of knowledge and awareness.

9. Dragon: There are dragons in the land of Rome and the condition of the father of Gol for the suitors is to kill the dragon and Nowruz did it.

10. Ritual weapons (Ghorz): Nowruz kills a dragon and a magic storm with Ghorz.

  11. Hunting: When Nowruz goes to the desert for hunting, he meets a businessman named Jahan Afrooz who describes Gol to him. Therefore, hunting becomes a way to enter the unconscious.

12. Mountain: Nowruz meeting with Zahid at the beginning of the story and his solitude and meeting with the old wise man at the end of the story takes place in the mountain, so the mountain is the secret of communication with the sky and the gods.

13. Midwife (old woman): An old woman who is in charge of Gol and makes a relationship between Gol and Nowruz

14. Magic Storm (Demon): It's been a long time since he runs with Gol and his  last job is to kill the magic storm before their marriage.

 

Conclusion

The deep mythological structure of the story of "Gol and Nowruz" is the symbolic expression of introducing rituals and symbols. Here, the hero is Nowruz. According to the introducing ceremony, he first spends some time in the isolation in the palace. Then, as a result of his travels and hunting in desert, he meets a merchant from Rome, and this meeting leads to his awareness of the "Gol", the Roman king's daughter. It causes him to leave his family. Thus, Nowruz travels to Rome with Mehran and during the journey he successfully passes some tests and difficulties, and experiences a new life and spiritual inquiry, and the so-called "rebirth". He goes through the stage of change and transformation and finally marries the daughter of the Roman king (Gol) and returns to Iran and his family and his father. It indicates the last stage of introduction, which is a return.

 

References

1. Eliadeh, Mircha, (1989), introducing Rituals and Symbols, translated by Nasrullah Zangavi, Tehran: Agah press.
2. Amir Ghasemi, Minoo, (2012), about mythical stories, Tehran: Markaz press.
3. Bethlehem, Bruno, (2013(, The Enchantment of Legends, translated by Akhtar Shariatzadeh, Tehran: Hermes press.
4. Khajoyi Kermani, (1991), Nowruz and Gol, correction by Kamal Eini, Tehran: Institute of Cultural Studies and Research.
5. Dubo Kor, Monique, (2008), The Secrets of Life, translated by Jalal Sattari, Tehran: Markaz press.
6. Fazaieli, Soodabeh, (2009), prince Behzad, Tehran: Jeyhun press.
7. Lofler Delashou, M., (2007), the symbolic language of Parivar stories, translated by Jalal Sattari, Tehran: Toos press.

 

Keywords

• Mythic
• Familiarization
• Isolation
• The Knowledgable old person
• Gol & NoWrouz

Main Subjects

• . Epicical and Mythical Literature