Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
1 phd student of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
Abstract
Halimi Shirvani is an anonymous poet in the early tenth century. There is no exact information about his life except a little information obtained from various biographies especially his poetry. Due to the various and little information, biographers have made some mistakes about Halimi who has written about culture and the owner of Bahr al-gharayeb. It is clear that he was one of the Indian-style poets who was born in Shirvan in the early tenth century, traveled to Gilan and Qazvin, and then migrated to Levant in the middle of his life. Halimi's poetical works include more than 6550 verses, which have not yet been reviewed and corrected, and its only copy is kept in the Lala Ismail Library in Turkey. These poetical works include qasida, ode (ghazal), quatrain (ruba’i), fragment (qit’a) as well as six epistles and three poems. His poetical works show that Halimi had been able to compose artifact poem, odes without dot, mystery and chronogram. He is an iconoclastic and a norm deviation poet; as he has repeatedly called himself "the inventor" of a kind of ode or a special manner. The present article introduces this anonymous and prolific poet as well as reviews his cognitive style features and poetic themes.
Highlights
A study on the life and works of an anonymous poet
from Shirvan, Azerbaijan
Farzad Mohammadi
PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
Mohammad Hakim Azar
(Corresponding Author)
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
Asghar Reza Pourian
Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Abstract
Little is known about Halimi Shirvani's condition, except for some scattered information that comes from various memoirs, especially from his poetry. Translators have made mistakes in narrating his biography and that of lexicolgrapher Halimi, the owner of Bahrogharaeb. Koliat-e-Halimi consists of more than six thousand five hundred and fifty verses, which have not been corrected so far. Halimi has been skilled in composing artful poetry and seamless odes, as well as in telling riddles and history. He is a tradition-breaking poet. The present article, while introducing Halimi, is a research on his stylistic features and poetic themes.
Keywords: Halimi Shirvani, Stylistics, Timurid style, Indian style, Poetic features
Introduction
One of the cultural regions is the Shirvan region of Azerbaijan, which has a clear record in this field from previous centuries. This article seeks to introduce one of the unknown poets of this land and his poetic style. This poet is Halimi Shirvani and the text studied in this research is a manuscript of the Koliat of his diwan.
Aims
The purpose of this research is to revive the poetry and name of Halimi Shirvani.
Introducing Halimi Shirvani
Halimi was born in Shirvan on one of the days from the nineteenth to twenty-third of Ramadan in 912 AH, and after learning basic sciences, he emigrated to Gilan in 945 AH and then to Qazvin in 946 AH. Then, from the way of Qazvin and Kurdistan in 948 AH, After visiting the House of God, Halimi went to visit Jerusalem. After this, he has lived in Hali and then in Halab. Then in the year 953 AH, he took the way to Sham and apparently stayed there for the rest of his life.There are two Halimis in Ghamoosolaalam: one is Lotfollah Halimi (Sami, vol. 3: 1978), who is the very lexicographer and owner of "Bahrogharaeb", and the other is Halimi from Qastamoni, who was the governor of Trabzon and Khajeh at the court of Sultan Salim Khan Yavuz during his reign and considered himself attributed to him (the same reference). This Halimi seems to be Halimi Shirvani, the Persian poet. Translators have made mistakes in narrating his biography and that of the owner of Bahrogharaeb. The content of Koliat-e-Halimi is as follows: Book of odes / Book of lyric poems / Book of quatrains / Book of parts / Treatise on miscellaneous riddles / Treatise on seamless riddles / Treatise on miscellaneous history / Madatozahak poems / Treatise on the quatrains / Ghaleb maghloob epistles / Ghavaede Altavarikh epistles / Ezhar mozhar epistles / mehromah poems .
The manuscript version of Koliat-e-Halimi is the only available copy that is kept in the Lala Ismail Library in Turkey under number 713.
Findings
In this article, the stylistic features of the work are examined. The most common and frequent rhythms of poetry that Halimi has used in his odes, lyric poems, fragments, quatrains, and masnavi are as follows:
Qasida: Mafool, Mafaeel, Mafaeel, Faoolon
Lyric poems (ghazal): Mafool, Mafaeel, Mafaeel, Faoolon
Quatrain (ruba’i): Mafool, Mafaelon, Mafaeel, Faa
Masnavi: Faoolon, Faoolon, Faoolon, Faool
Fragment (qit’a): Mafool, Faelat, Mafaeel, Faelon
row in Halimi's poem is more of the noun and verb type and we see less the other types of row such as letters or pronouns. There are few Rhyme and row defects in Halimi's poetry. Halimi was a bilingual poet who knew both Persian and Turkish. The most prominent and frequent rhetoric and literary figure of speech and technique that can be considered a characteristic of Halimi’s style is the Guarantee. In composing his poems, Halimi has guaranteed verses from Anwari and Saadi. Another widely used figure of speech in Halimi's poetry is the proverb. He is an introverted poet.
Conclusion
Halimi Shirvani was Sunni and went to the court of the rulers of Azerbaijan and Levant. He can be considered one of the publishers of Persian poetry in the region of Azerbaijan and the Ottoman Empire. Stylistically, Halimi can be considered as a Timurid-Safavid poet. This poet is skilled in composing different types of poetry, especially the chronogram and riddles, and is familiar with the techniques of poetry and the terms of this art, including style and manner. The desire to create meanings, fastidiousness, and the tendency towards complexity are among the characteristics of Halimi Shirvani's poetry. Halimi has paid serious attention to the form of riddles, chronogram, and Artificial round. He is a bilingual poet and has written verses in Turkish. The prefaces of prose in Halimi's treatises are of technical type. Sometimes, he has also written simple and fluent prose. He is an introverted poet. Halimi is not optimistic about life.
References
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Keywords
Main Subjects
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