Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
Persian language and literature department, the faculty of Persian literature and foreign languages, university of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
The extent and depth of the lyric literature concepts along with the examples variety of this literary genre in the area of Persian literature are considered as the most outstanding features of Persian language and literature.
While the creation of other literary genres (epic and didactic) has shown weaknesses in some periods of history, lyric literature has been encountered with growing attention and increasing evolution.
But what it takes to understand the various aspects of this literary genre as a point of ambiguity has the sufficiency to express and research about is that under what constraints lyric prose works are impressively low in number comparing to forms and types of its poetry.
The lack of a determined and proposed theory in the case of Persian prose method makes it difficult to find an answer to this question.
Therefore, it was attempted foremost by referring to prose works and books related to writing principles and rules to elicit some of the definitions and criteria of Persian prose, so by the way of setting the necessity of providing the lyric words and the frameworks of Persian prose essays against each others, the theoretical impediments to the growth and development of prose lyric works become more clear.Since the present study focuses on theoretical components, the literary criticism and analysis of lyric prose texts and fragments are neglected and four theoretical factors were introduced as possible contributing factors to lyric prose deficit in Persian literature.
Highlights
A Research on Theoretical Barriers to
the Growth and Development of the Prose Lyrical Works
Mir Jalil Akrami
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz
m-akrami@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author)
Ali Shahlazadeh
PhD candidate of Lyrical Literature, University of Tabriz
Abstract
The breadth and depth of lyric literature concepts along with the diversity of examples of this genre are concerned amongst the brilliant features of Persian literature .While the creation of other types of literary in some course of history shows some weakness, the lyric literature has faced with the chance of growing and steady evolution. But what in the understanding of various aspects of the genre as a point of ambiguity has ability to be considered and followed up is that under effects of what barriers, the lyrical prose works in respect to the verse forms and types of it is significantly lower in number. The lack of determined and proposed theories in Persian prose methods make it difficult to find an answer to the latter question. Therefore, in the first place, by referring to the catastasis to the prose works and the written books we try to obtain some of the definitions and criteria of Persian prose, so that through juxtaposition of the requirements for presenting the lyrical words with the frames of Persian prose composition the barriers of the growth and spread of the prose lyrical works become more clear .Since the present study concentrates on the theoretical components, criticism of analysis of literary texts and lyrical prose pieces to view and four theoretical factors have been introduced as possible effective factors for low quantity of the lyrical prose in Persian literature.
Key words: prose, lyric literature, prose works, lyrical content, history of Persian literature
Introduction
The lyrical literature is a direct product of the influence that the poet or writer derives from the material and spiritual relations in the outside world and finally presents its influence as a written text with artistic coordinates. The long history of Persian literature from one side and basic content of the lyric literature on the other hand have the mind familiar to both scope to consider including the lyrical works in the field of Persian literature history unavoidable, and so it is. But what has inconspicuous presence in the history of Persian literature during continuous centuries is lyrical prose works. This inconspicuous presence is highlighted as a historical – literary ambiguity when the abundance of splits of lyrical literature types is also taken into account. How and for what reason are the works of lyrical poetry not even measurable and classifiable because of multiplicity and, in contrast, the non-verse lyrical works are so few in number that in order to seek the first independent sample and written lyrical prose, considering all the divisions of this type of literature, one should move on the history line of literature up to the middle of the sixth century?
Research method
The research has been done by referring to the library resources and using the descriptive-analytical method.
Research hypothesis and questions
It seems that shortages and low number of lyrical prose works, in both mere and independent forms, have had interesting theoretical principles that are directly in relation to the cognitive of what the past writers and literary had in mind about features and the goal of prose .This study seeks to find an answer to this question as the prominence of what factors has caused lyrical content not to have opportunity for emergence and dramatic occurrence in the form of Persian prose.
Conclusion
The lyrical prose in the history of Persian literature has not had an independent and uniform movement in order to be able to study the general trend of evolution. What could be said is that the lyrical prose in all its periods prior to intellectual developments leading up to the constitutional revolution, has always faced with the theoretical difficulties that have made the history of the lyrical prose works face some disconnections.
Lyrical prose works, despite the relative diversity, whether in the circle of Persian prose or in the circle of Persian lyric literature, has allocated a small quantity for itself. Based on this research, the theoretical barriers to the growth and development of prose lyrical works are as follows:
1) The “scientific - logical "identity definition for Persian prose from Persian language and literature writer’s literary point of view: according to this definition, the goal of the prose is to reflect the content in a reporting manner and, in this respect, use as much clarity and un-ambiguity as possible, whereas in the works of lyrical, because of emotional motivations and also the centrality of the personal or social "self" of the creator of the work, a variety of artistic and non-referential language are used so that the word can be presented in the most literary form of itself and become effective .
2) The need to follow the rules of composition while controlling the emotional and transitory human emotions: lyric literature in all its ranks is the product of the boiling emotion of human. The creator that is in the peak of anger, joy, love, or any other status, prefers to express her/his emotions in the most fluid possible way to make the deepest impact on the audience. But the process of writing Persian prose required some necessary rules to follow that stood as structural barriers to the normal flow of lyrical content.
3) The brevity of Persian prose and prolixity of the lyrical content: A review of the lyrical poetry literature indicates that the poets have repeated the same concepts and fixed themes. Even though this is a privilege in poetry, in prose which was based on brevity and the highest art of a writer had been defined as bringing the most meaning to the least words, it didn’t allow the authors of Persian prose to be free on writing lyrical prose.
4) Historical accompaniment of music with lyrical content: lyric literature from the beginning of its historical path has fully collaborated with the music. This feature that had background in ancient history of Iran and continued in the early centuries of Islam has made the inclusion of lyrical content on music be considered inevitable. As a result, prose, due to the lack of minimal music which is the weight of the prosody, is not considered a suitable structure for producing lyrical content.
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