1
PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
Abstract
Mysticism considers the path to God dependent on liberation from the empirical self and the material body. This liberation from the empirical self paves the way for union with the spiritual self, which is essentially the superego. The superego, in truth, represents the presence of the spiritual, divine, and exalted self of each individual in a state of servitude and angelic nature، something which Sana’i encounters by shedding all material veils. He begins this journey with love and strives for that higher self. In reaching it, he transcends not just the physical body but even the soul, rejecting residence in either realm. He does not become trapped in the baseness of the body or the nobility In the Divan of this passionate poet of Ghazni, the heavenly aspect of man is manifested through features such as love, annihilation in God (fana fi-Allah), subsistence through God (baqa bi-Allah), contentment, spiritual jealousy, and intoxication in divine love. It is also referred to using terms like "King of Kings," "The Greatest Sovereign," "The Pure Ones," "The Speaking Silent," "The Enlightened Mad Ones," etc. Considering that transcending the empirical self is only possible through inner and spiritual transformation, the spiritual revolution of this great poet has left a distinct trajectory in his poetry, which highlights the importance of studying and understanding this dimension. Although some research has briefly addressed individualism and interpretation in Sana’i’s poetry, this article thoroughly explores the manifestations of the superego using a descriptive-analytical approach, highlighting its expressions, reflections, and characteristics.
Fattahi, M. , Vahed, A. , Akrami, M. J. and Rasmi, S. (2026). Manifestations of Superego in Sana’i’s Divan. Persian Language and Literature, (), -. doi: 10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
MLA
Fattahi, M. , , Vahed, A. , , Akrami, M. J. , and Rasmi, S. . "Manifestations of Superego in Sana’i’s Divan", Persian Language and Literature, , , 2026, -. doi: 10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
HARVARD
Fattahi, M., Vahed, A., Akrami, M. J., Rasmi, S. (2026). 'Manifestations of Superego in Sana’i’s Divan', Persian Language and Literature, (), pp. -. doi: 10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
CHICAGO
M. Fattahi , A. Vahed , M. J. Akrami and S. Rasmi, "Manifestations of Superego in Sana’i’s Divan," Persian Language and Literature, (2026): -, doi: 10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
VANCOUVER
Fattahi, M., Vahed, A., Akrami, M. J., Rasmi, S. Manifestations of Superego in Sana’i’s Divan. Persian Language and Literature, 2026; (): -. doi: 10.22034/perlit.2025.67808.3811
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