Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Authors

• FATEMEH JAMALI ¹
• Gellareh Alvandpour ²
• narges mohamadibadr ³

¹ Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University

² Master's degree in Persian language and literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Iran

Abstract

 
Rumi and Shams Discourse Analysis in the Expression of Love Based on Halliday's Theory
In the current research, a romantic discourse of Rumi and Shams has been analyzed based on the order of Halliday's role orientation. Examining the text (speech and writing) in discourse analysis takes place beyond the formal structures of the language. In romantic words and texts, according to the speaker's abstract expression, mental images are coded in a special way. The main goal of this research is to find out how emotions are represented in this romantic discourse, as well as to find similarities and possible differences in the expression of their internal feelings. This research answers the question of how the characteristics of Rumi and Shams' romantic speech are determined based on Halliday's role-oriented order. The hypothesis of the research is that Halliday's role-oriented order is efficient in analyzing the discourse of romantic texts. Based on this, a sonnet by Rumi and a romantic expression by Shams Tabrizi have been selected as a case in point so that we can obtain broader dimensions of this discussion. the context of the text in a descriptive-analytical way has been investigated with the help of all three ideological, interpersonal and textual trans-roles. The findings of the research show that the high frequency of the behavioral process in Moulana's sonnet shows his visual experience of his lover and his special attention to the description of his beloved's behavioral states. The high frequency of the existential process in the words of Shams reveals the concept of the existence of this love.

Highlights

Extended Abstract

Analytical Discourse of Rumi and Shams in Expressing Romance based on Halliday's Theory

Examining discourse beyond formal language structures is the main task of text analysis. When using intimate words and texts, mental images are coded in a special way based on the speaker’s abstract expression. This research aims to identify how emotions are represented, and analyze similarities and potential differences in communicating internal feelings. One ghazal by Rumi and a romantic expression by Shams have been selected on a case-by-case basis for analysis. Descriptive-analytical methodology based on Halliday's theory has been used to analyze the context of these works. The research findings reveal that despite noteworthy disparities in the employment of trans roles, both Rumi and Shams have expressed their emotional and spiritual needs towards each other.

Introduction

The process of meaning-making is supervised and controlled by military discourse (Shayiri, 3:1385).  There is a distinction between the literal meaning and the implied meaning of a sentence in verbal communication. Discourse analysis emphasizes the importance of words (Shamisa, 1395:179). Language is merely a tool for expressing ideas associated with both the inner and outer worlds, created to fulfill our communication needs. To comprehend the message in communication ranging from everyday topics to political, social, and romantic matters, it is necessary to analyze the words, or the sequence of sentences, used in the discourse. In discourse analysis, apart from the literal meaning of words, we seek to reveal any underlying meaning that may be based on inference or require statistical investigations. Since romantic words have a unique texture intertwined with the speaker's soul, analysis may seem daunting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze romantic couplets using linguistic criteria and elucidate the concealed emotions within them. Halliday's role-oriented instruction is a widely used tool for this task. Unlike focusing on the abstract concept of language ability, Halliday emphasizes the use of language. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted in various fields. The following sections present a comprehensive analysis of romantic couplets using Halliday's role-oriented perspective.

Research Background , Theoretical Foundations and Discussion

Results of some discourse analysis studies show that Khan Jan (1379) posited that the order of structural arrangement cannot be the main criterion for analyzing symbolism in the text's structure.Additionally, Alaei et al. (2009) found that frequent news articles primarily feature a static and one-way interaction. The authors of this study claim that the mentioned article's findings provide an advantage by taking into account the significance of two-way interaction for effective communication with the audience and better concept transfer in textbook development.

Razavian and Mirzaei (2014) concluded that by arranging words and sentence structure, one can obtain a deeper meaning in addition to an aesthetically pleasing text. If the disorders were further analyzed and explained in the provided examples, it would enhance the understanding of the conditions and issues, as suggested by the researchers.

Research Method For this study, we selected Ghazal No. 78 from the book Ghazliat Shams and a romantic expression by Shams Tabrizi from the book Aftab, both analyzed by Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani and Mohammad Javad Etamidi. We employed a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze Rumi's speech blended with symbolic meanings and gestures. This example is analyzed according to Halliday's role-oriented order, ensuring the effectiveness of this approach. The authors state that the chosen sonnet contains the most extensive data discussed in this research. They analyzed both terms from the viewpoints of three intellectual, interpersonal, and textual roles. The frequency percentage of all items is presented on both a table and a graph after being calculated.

Conclusion

In the investigations conducted in Rumi's Ghazal, a total of 12 behavioral, 7 material, 6 mental, 5 existential, 4 relational, and 4 expressive processes were identified within the thought roles. In the interpersonal roles, there were 24 imperatives, 12 requests, 5 interrogatives, 3 commands, 22 instances of absent subjects, 21 interlocutors, 1 rhetorical statement, 43 positive verbs, and 1 negative verb. Additionally, there were 25 noun starters, 7 verbs, 3 adverbs, and 2 pronouns identified in the transliteration. Technical abbreviations will be explained when first used.

The text does not adhere to any of the given principles and is not in need of improvement as it lacks context. Therefore, the improved version is: The role of thought in Kalam Shams is 4 existential processes, 1 mental, 1 behavioral. In the interpersonal role, there are 7 news, 6 obligatory, 1 emotional, 1 prayer, 7 absent subject, 7 rhetorical, 9 positive verbs, 6 negative verbs. 3 noun starters and 3 pronouns are counted in the text.

Through the conducted investigations, it is evident that both individuals exhibited great enthusiasm towards each other in the beginning of their words. Rumi uses various present tenses to illustrate his inner states. Although there are differences in their spiritual levels, their shared inner need is for "love," the essence of creation, which has consumed their entire lives.

Keywords: discourse analysis, Romanticism, Halliday.

Refrences:

Aghagolzadeh, Ferdos. (1386). Critical discourse  analysis and literature. literature study. 1 (1), 17-27.

Abbasi Dakani, Parviz. (2016). My sun and my God. Tehran: Elm.

Alaei, Maryam"and others". (1389). "Investigating the exchange of meaning in humanities text books within the framework of Halliday's role-oriented systematic order from the perspective of interpersonal trans-role". Persian language and literature research. 4 (17).

https://doi.org/10.22034/perlit.2024.58027.3546

Keywords

• discourse analysis
• lovely
• Rumi
• Shams Halliday

Main Subjects

• Literary theories