Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی

Author

• Yousof Asghari Bayqut

Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature/ University of Jiroft.Iran

Abstract

Turk of mine saying san san
(Reviewing the reflection of Turkish language and culture in Khāqāni's Diwān)
Yousof Asqari Bayqoot
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Persian Language and Literature, University of Jiroft

Abstract
There is no doubt that part of poets and writers' imaginary motifs is influenced by their environment and geographical territory and it is somehow reflected in their literature. Writers and poets' susceptibility is more than others due to their subtle and sensitive spirits. Accordingly, the current research aimed to give answer to this question: Had Khāqāni shirwani been influenced by language and culture of Azerbaijan, his living environment? The research showed that the environment and culture of Azerbaijan and its common language, namely the Turkish language, were reflected in various forms in Khāqāni's; In addition to direct presence of thousands of Turkish words, allegories and ironies translated from Turkish, popular beliefs, Azerbaijan environment had serious impact on poet's works and had been the basis of creating many themes and poetic pictures, to the extent that without regarding this,
part of Khāqāni's literature in his Diwān was not well interpreted and clarified.

Key words: Khāqāni shirwani, Azerbaijan, Language and culture, Turkish language, Susceptibility

Highlights

Tork-e  san san goo-y-e man

A Study of the Reflection of Turkish Language and Culture in Khaghani’s Divan

Dr. Yousef Asghari Bayghoot

Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Jiroft University

Abstract

One of the important factors that distinguishes the works of a writer and a poet from the works of others is, in addition to the particular individual style, the bilingualism or the particular geographical environment in which the author or poet has lived. This research shows that the Turkish language and the environment and culture of Azerbaijan are reflected in Khaghani's works in different ways; the translated Turkish allegories and allusions, the popular beliefs and opinions, and Azerbaijan environment, in addition to the direct presence of numerous Turkish words, have had a serious impact on the poet's works and has made him create many of his poetic themes and images to the extent that, parts of Khaghani's Divan cannot be properly interpreted and explained, no matter what.

Keywords: Khaghani Shervani, Azerbaijan, Turkish Culture and Language, susceptibility.

1. Introduction and Purpose of the Research

There is no doubt that part of the imagery motives of poets and writers is shaped by their geographical environment and territory, which is somehow reflected in their literary works. In addition to Turkish population living there, the land in which Khaghani grew up and lived was also governed under the Turkic rulers reign; therefore, the influence and reflection of Turkish language and culture on Khaghani's works also seems obvious. Accordingly, the present study seeks to show this influence in different aspects. Using numerous Turkish words in the poet’s work is part of this aspect. Khaghani's work is full of allegories, allusions, beliefs and rituals, many of which are obtained and translated by him from the Turkish language and culture.

2. Research Method

Part of the present study is conducted as field-analytical. In addition to citing the credible sources, our justified persuasive reason is certified by what is now continuing and current in the language of the Azerbaijani people.

3. The research results

As well as a detailed discussion of Khaghani's language and era, this study generally illustrates the susceptibility of Khaghani from Turkish language and culture in the following four main areas, by presenting and examining the evidences provided in the article’s text in details. It also proves that the Turkish language and the environment and culture of Azerbaijan are reflected in the Khaghani's works in different ways.

3-1. Turkish words - due to the abundance of Turkish words in the Khaghani Divan, in this part we have focused more and exclusively on the linguistic aspect that has a literary and rhetorical use which are chosen by the poet consciously to create new themes and poetic images. Khaghani has used the words like: “soo=water”, “akmak=bread”, “songhor=Hunting bird”, “alton=gold and maid, if permitted”, “san san=you are”, and … to make themes in his poems, which indicates that Khaghani was fluent in Turkish.

3-2.Turkish allusions and allegories - This section of the paper, which is a field-analytic study, shows that some of the allegories and allusions of Khaghani's works are from the Turkish language and he has thoroughly introduced them into Persian literature from Turkish language and culture. For example, allusions like: “To twist a finger = to tease”, “with black breast= a wicked woman whose child does not survive”, “being two mothers = fat and obese”, “putting Donbeh =tempting to seduce", and ….

3-3. Turkish Beliefs and Rituals- those rituals and beliefs that come to humanity through religion or through the inheritance of collective wisdom and old patterns, which is often common among the general public. But as these beliefs and rituals are based on the type of language, culture, ethnicity, and climate, it may seem usually different. As it is frequently seen in Khaghani's divan, sometimes there are beliefs and rituals that indicate that he has acquired them from the environment he lived. Beliefs like: “taking the pulpit”, "burning the dead shed”, "using the word{house} instead of {woman}”, “eating blood from friendship”, and …. are some of the things that are described in detail in the article.

3-4. Reflection of lifestyle-  Reflection of their lifestyles and livelihoods is one of the conclusions obtained from study of the poets' works, that have directly or indirectly created the themes and images of their poetry. Discovering these can help to better understand the works of poets and writers and to explain the era and environment of their lives well; For example, the extreme cold and heat of cold and tropical areas and their related accessories are among the motives that can appear and emerge in the works of writers and poets in those areas. As we seen in the text of the article, the severe cold of Azerbaijan and its requirements have been reflected in Khaghani's works in various ways and have created many of his poetic images.

4.Conclusion - As we have seen, this study, via providing evidence, indicates that Khaghani is fully acquainted with Turkish language and culture. This is illustrated by reflection of various manifestations of Turkish language and culture in his works; therefore, regardless of this, some of the artistic subtleties of Khaghani's poetry and its meanings and concepts are not well understood and explained.

Parts of resources:

1-Basors, c, n, et al. (1987), Cambridge History of Iran history of Iran (From coming of the Seljuks to the collapse of the Ilkhanid government), fifth volume, collector: g, a, boil, translated by Hassan Anoosheh, Tehran: amirkabir.

2-Khaghani shervani, Afzal-al-din badil-ebn-ali, (2009), Khaghani's Divan, ninth edition, edited by Zia-al-din Sajadi, Tehran: Zavar.

3-Khaghani shervani, Afzal-al-din badil-ebn-ali, (2537), Tohfe-al-araghin, 2^nd edition, tried by Yaha Gharib, Tehran: Pocket Books Corporation.

4-Ripka, yan et. Al (1991), History of Iranian Literature, translated by Keykhosro Keshavarzi, Tehran: gotenberg and Javidan kherad.

5-Zarrinkoob, Abdolhosein, (2010), Meet the Ka'beh Jan (about Khaghani's life, works and thought), 8^th edition, Tehran: Sokhan.

6-Shervani, jamal Khalil, (1987), Nozhat-al-Majales, edited and by introduction of Mohammad Amin Riahi, Tehran: Zavar.

7-Shafiei Kadkani, Mohammadreza, (1993), imagery in Persian poem, 5^th edition, Tehran: Agah.

8-Shovaliyeh, Jan and Gerberan, Alen (2013), Symbols culture, 3^rd edition, translated and researched by Sodabeh Fazayeli, Tehran: Jeyhoon.

9-Foroozanfar, Badi-al-zaman, (1990), speeches and poets, 4^th edition, Tehran: Kharazmi publication.

10-Ghazvini, Mohammad, (Bita), Ghazvini notes, tried by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: University of Tehran.

11-Kashghari, Mahmoud-eb-Hossein, (1996), Turkish word divan, translated and arranged by Seyyed Mohammad Dabirsiaghi, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.

12-Kandeli harischi, Ghaffar, (1995), Khaghani Shervani (his life, era and environment), translated by Mir Hedayat Hesari, Tehran: University Publishing Center

13-Hadi, Esmaeil, (2017), Comprehensive Turkish Etymological Dictionary- Daile Deniz Farsi, 2^nd edition, Tabriz: Akhtar publication.

Keywords

• Key words: Khāqāni shirwani
• Khāqāni shirwani's Diwān
• Azerbaijan
• Language and culture
• Turkish languag

20.1001.1.22517979.1398.72.240.1.7

Main Subjects

• Persian Rhetoric and Grammar