A Criticism of the Approaches of Rhetorical Scholars Regarding the Molamma' and the Design of Another Model

Document Type : Research article

Author

Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan. Kurdistan, Iran.

Abstract

Melmma' is a type of poetry based on bilingualism or multilingualism. Scholars of rhetorical sciences have investigated the Molamma' with different approaches. The present study has attempted to  present a new model of  Molamma' through analysis of these approaches and to  provide answers to the questions of why and how Molamma' was created. The goals of this research are to provide a better understanding of Molamma', and to discuss how it is formed, and why different languages ​​are used in the Molamma' in different periods. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data has been collected in a library and document analysis method and analyzed by content analysis method. The results show that the Melmma' is the result of the confrontation between the superior and inferior discourses, the margin and the center, which can be analyzed from the perspective of the discourse of power, considering the appropriateness of the languages ​​used in it. This juxtaposition in Persian-Arabic or European languages ​​can be studied in terms of the political and scientific process. However, in juxtapositions that have emerged from the local languages ​​of Iran with Persian, it is actually a confrontation between two discourses: the periphery and the center, the official and unofficial languages, which, while legitimizing the poet's language, are also a kind of reaction to Othering. On the other hand, from the point of view of psychological approach, Molamma' can be considered as a kind of hidden pride and authority of the speaker and the reader, a topic which is examined in details in the text of the article.

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