Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Author
Department of Persian Literature, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Abstract
Postmodernism is one of the latest literary schoolsand it is to some extent the latest stylistic evolutionwhich has happened in today’s literature. This school coincides with some political and social changes in the Seventieth solar decades in Iran, and mostly entered into the literary works, through the translation of theoretical texts and it attracted the attention of a number of poets and commentators. Although this movement is completely new and fresh,it is strange and intangible among some critics and audiences, especially because those kinds of literary works could not be definedby standard works of their kind. This article attempts to discussand understand what has happened in modern poetry, called Postmodernism. So to clarify the complexities and strangeness of the movement in Iran, Linguistic, Semantic, Aesthetic, and Form,in some literary works were taken into deep consideration.And then for further explanation, examples of poets attributed to this movement (mentionedby magazines and genealogy books and critics) were mentioned. This research has shown that, to understand the original examples of post-modern movement, there is a need for a new definition in the field of poetic elements, because some of the topics mentioned do not have a precedent in Persian poetry.
Highlights
An Introduction to Exoticization in Postmodern Poetry in Iran
Behzad Khajat
Persian Literature Department, Mahshahr Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Abstract
Postmodernism is one of the latest literary schools and is to some extent the latest stylistic evolution which has happened in today’s literature. This school coincides with some political and social changes in the 1970s in Iran, and mostly entered into the literary works, through the translation of theoretical texts and it attracted the attention of a number of poets and commentators. Although this movement is completely new and fresh, it is strange and intangible among some critics and audiences, especially because those kinds of literary works could not be defined by standard works of their kind. This article attempts to discuss and understand what has happened in modern poetry, called Postmodernism. So to clarify the complexities and strangeness of the movement in Iran, linguistic, semantic, aesthetic, and form in some literary works were taken into deep consideration. And then for further explanation, examples of poets attributed to this movement (mentioned by magazines and genealogy books and critics) were mentioned. This research has shown that, to understand the original examples of post-modern movement, there is a need for a new definition in the field of poetic elements, because some of the topics mentioned do not have a precedent in Persian poetry.
keywords :Postmodernism, Strangeness, Poetic Elements
The present study tries to classify and clarify the reasons of exoticization in Iranian postmodern poetry by providing some examples. It also tries to address the points of view of scholars to be able to examine the type of poetry as well as the reasons for its, complexity and strangeness. The library method, as well as the classification of the exoticized elements and their explanations, is used and then some examples are provided to show the points of view of poets in this field.
There have been a lot of reasons accusing postmodern poetry in Iran of complexity and strangeness; therefore, the present study tried to classify these problems so that they can be used in further studies. This exoticization has been used in at least four fields of language including linguistic, semantic, aesthetic, and form, and has led to innovations in today's poetry. In the linguistic field, language-based practices such as play on words, polyphony, setting tune, etc. have shown the language of postmodern works unconventional. In the semantic field, some elements such as pluralism, intertextuality, enchantment, etc. have moved this type of poetry away from the common semantic systems. In the aesthetic field, the postmodernism has moved towards personal and unconventional signs, de-familiarization, neo-aestheticism, etc. so it is needed to analyze and interpret these works to understand them, and finally in the field of form, unconventional form, senselessness, distancing, false construction, etc. of postmodern poetry has challenged the conventional forms of today's poetry; therefore, it is tried to create a new understanding of form. Instead of completely eliminating the elements of the traditional poetry, this very new form considers the elements of the traditional poetry in a new space! This is done to reintroduce and produce them again and to suggest new terms in post modern poetry using tradition. Considering the valuable tradition of Persian poetry, these efforts may not bring about desired results and artificiality takes place of originality. However, the postmodern poetry should be criticized using new criteria. In this paper, efforts have been made to present a sequence and a criterion to evaluate modeling in academic context to prepare for considering other post modern poetry. Like any other literary works, postmodern poetry has its advantages and disadvantages and any poem categorized under this title cannot be defensible; therefore many works have been selected to show that the scholars have to classify and address this issue academically.
References
Ahmadi, B. (1996). Modernity and Critical Thought, Tehran: Markaz.
Scholes, R. (2001). An Introduction to Structuralism in Literature, Translated by FarzanehTaheri, Tehran: Agah.
Emami, N. et al. (2017). “Denarration in Persian Postmodern Poetry", Journal of Contemporary Persian Literature, 6 (2), 125-150.
Baba-chani, A. (2013b). The Pomegranate Garden is This Way, Tehran: Negah.
Baba-chani, A. (2013a). The World is Wrong, Tehran: Zavesh.
Barthes, R. (2008). Commentary Criticism, Translated by Mohammad TaghiEnayat, Second Edition, Tehran: Bozorgmehr.
Bazargani, B. (2003). The Matrix of Beauty, Tehran: Akhtaran.
Jensen, H. V. (2001). Postmodernism, Translated by ShohrehSharifi, Tehran: Farayand.
Khajat, B. (2002). Republic, Shiraz: Nimnegah.
Dastgheib, A. (2008). Modern and Postmodern, Tehran: Ayenejonoub.
EhsanShafighi, E. and Zahirinav, B. (2010). “A Critical Review of Poetry Elements of the Iranian Literature of the 1970s", History of Literature, 62, 99-122.
Taheri, Gh. (2006). "Postmodernism and Contemporary Iranian Poetry", Journal of Literary Research, 8, 29-50.
Foucault, M. (2000). Order of Speech, Translated by Bagher Parham, Tehran: Agah.
Mehrnoosh, Gh. (2005). A Vision of Contemporary Poetry of Iran, Tehran: Baztabnegar.
Gharebaghi, A. (2004). Genealogy of Postmodernism, Tehran: Cultural Studies Publication
Safavi, K. (1995). From Linguistics to Literature, Tehran: Cheshmeh.
Mokhtari, M. (2000). Compound Eyes, Tehran: Toos.
M.Ravanshid (2001). With Contemporary Poets (Interview with the New Generation Poets), Tehran: Arvij.
Nojoumian, A. (2007). An Introduction to Postmodernism, Ahvaz: Rasesh.
Nozari, H. (2011). Postmodernity and Postmodernism (A collection of Articles), Tehran: NaghsheJahan.
Yazdanjoo, P. (2001). Postmodern Literature, Second Edition, Tehran: Markaz
Keywords
Main Subjects
', './data/perlit/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))