Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
1 Department of persian Litreture and language‚ Shabestar Branch‚ islamic Azad University‚ Shabestar‚ Iran.
2 Department of Persian Litreture and language‚ Mahabad Branch‚ Islamic Azad university‚ Mahabad‚ Iran.
3 Department of Persian Literature and Language‚ Shabestar Branch‚ Islamic Azad University‚ Shabestar‚ Iran.
Abstract
Mystical – Old pattern criticism is one of modern critical surveys , which it was changed during 20th century by presenting Young’s theories. One of methods for Young’s criticism proponents in analysis narrative literature texts is investigating Pirang’s stories and examples with Old pattern events. In current study , we have been investigated Physician Borzooyeh unique character , his mental evolution as a narrative hero , reality follower human with Old pattern criticism and new method with 2 consequences of Pirang’s. Borzooyeh ( Hero) life according to pagoda consequence during first and second life stages was accompanied with mental challenges and adventure. (Midlife crisis) He researched about religion follower and life correct path selection in mental struggle stage and also he avoided medical science ( mask) and prevented moral rogues ( shadow) and he chose good actions and virtue regarding and he went to India dangerous trip( unconscious) by inviting Anooshiravan ( ambassador) and Pirang’s conduct. He searched books ( growth and totality ) in special territory and by helping assistant and guidance of trustworthy friend ( Old wise) achieved Indian books treasure and he gifted their for territory people. In returning to Iran ; trip cycle was completed from own to himself and he proved mental evolution by refusing of award acceptance and he showed himself individuality and mental growth complete process and he reached to supreme and amplitude degree.
Highlights
An Archetypal Analysis of "Borzoyeh Tabib"
Based on the Plot of Narrations
in the Framework of Jung's Theory
Maliheh Hadidi
Ph.D. student of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Branch
Shahrbanoo Sahabi
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch (Corresponding author)
Jalil Amirpour Dariani
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch
Abstract
Mythological-archetypal critique is one of the modern critical approaches that was developed in 20th century by Jung theories. One of the methods used by Jung critics in the analysis of the narrative literary texts is to examine what archetypal events are included in the plots of the story. In this research, while investigating Borzoyeh Tabib’s unique character, we have tried to analyze his mental evolution as the antagonist of the story by the archetypal analysis and a new method with two plots.
Borzoyeh’s life is accompanied by psychological challenges, i.e. middle-age crisis, according to "initiation". First, he does research on the master of religion in choosing the right way of life and by abandoning the science of medicine (mask) and refraining from moral vices (shadow), he uses righteous deeds and observance of piety as the paradigm of his life. On Anoushirvan’s invitation, he goes on a perilous journey to India (unconsciousness) and overcomes difficulties. He looks for books (growth and integrity) and with the guidance of a trusted friend (wise old man), he finds the treasure of Indian books. He copies them with deadly fears (death and rebirth) and brings them back to his people. On his return to Iran, he completed the cycle of the journey from "I" to "ego", proving the evolution and inhibition of his nature by refusing the rewards from the king's treasury, and showing that his mental development was complete and reached a high degree of perfection and transcendence.
Keywords: archetypal analysis, Borzoyeh Tabib, individualization process, Jung
Introduction
Archetypal criticism is one of the most common types of criticism that seeks ideal forms and talks about the relationship between literature and art with the depths of human nature. This method evolved with Jung's theories. He founded a new school called "analytical psychology" and the theory of the collective unconsciousness as important one. He considers collective subconscious as the creation of myths and believes that all human beings react in the same way settled in the psyche by constant repetition. In Jung psychology, these archetypes are collective unconscious contents with similar functions in different cultures manifested in intuitive works such as poetry and painting.
One of the methods used by Jungian critics is the study of archetypal events in the plot. The two considered plots are "initiation" and "journey". In "initiation", the physical and mental development of the hero is followed. In "journey", the protagonist begins risky and long journey and overcomes obstacles.
Goals
The aim of this research is to re-read Borzoyeh Tabib and analyze his unique personality as the hero to show the archetypes in the story and answer these questions about the archetypes presented in his life story and details in his text as indicative of the use of two plots.
Method
The text has been reviewed using the method of data analysis in an argumentative-analytical way. With the approach of archetypal critique and a new and combined method, the two plots of "initiation" and "journey" have been analyzed based on Jung's views.
Conclusion
Borzoyeh is associated with the book "Kalila and Demna". He is commissioned to bring valuable books from the treasures of the India to Iran. Instead of receiving a reward, he asks Anoushirvan to write about himself and he tells the story of his life from the age of seven (the first half of life) according to the plot of "initiation". In this way, after learning the basics of medicine, he faces with a challenge (middle-age crisis) in choosing the right way of life and makes mistakes by observing the prestige and wealth of his peers. After contemplation on the books, he chooses treatment for material gain and the reward of the hereafter. He explores different religions (inner journey). Seeing the selfishness of the religious leader, he realizes that he cannot reach the truth in this way either. So by withdrawing from the science of medicine (mask), getting rid of the seductive forces of the soul (anima) and refraining from moral vices (shadow), he chooses the common value of all religions, that is, righteous deeds. In the next stage, according to the plot of "journey", on Anushirvan’s invitation (courier), he goes to the unknown land of India (unconscious) with strange content full of unseen and unheard (archetypes) and goes in search of books (growth and completeness). With the help (helper) and the guidance of a trusted friend (wise old man), he accesses Indian books, especially Kalila and Deman. With deadly horrors (death and rebirth), he copies them and brings them back to the people of his land. On his returning to Iran, he completes the cycle of travel from "I" to "ego" and, as an idealistic thinker, and a truth-seeking human being, raises and proves himself from the level of ordinary medicine to the level of a transcendent human being. The process of his individuality and mental development is complete.
References
1- Bilsker, R. (2008). Jung's Thought, translated by Hossein Payendeh, Tehran: Ashian
2- Palmer, M. (2009). Freud, Jung and Religion, translated by Mohammad Dehghanpour and GholamrezaMahmoudi, Tehran: Roshd
3- Payende, H.(2018). Literary Theory and Criticism, Interdisciplinary Textbook, Volume 1, Tehran: Samat
4- Schultz, D. P. Sidney A.(2007). Personality Theory, translated by YahyaSeyedMohammadi, Tehran: Virayesh
5- Green, W. M, Lee, Willingham, J.(2016). Fundamentals of Literary Criticism, translated by Farzaneh Taheri, Tehran: Niloufar
6- Mahjoub, M. (1970). About Kelila and Deman, Tehran: Kharazmi
7- Monshi, A.(2010). Kalial and Demna, corrected and explained by MojtabaMinavi, Tehran: Peyman
8- Moreno, A. (2017). Jung, Gods and Modern Man, translated by DariushMehrjoui, Tehran: Markaz
9- Jung, C.(2016). Man and His Symbols, translated by Mahmoud Soltanieh, Tehran: Jami
Jung, C, (1989). Four Ideal Forms, translated by ParvinFaramarzi, Mashhad: Astan Quds.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)