Document Type : علمی- پژوهشی
Authors
1 Ph.D. student of Persian language and literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad branch
2 . Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad branch
3 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad branch
Abstract
Any text linkes to the mind of the audience and the world by paratextualites. Nafahat ol-ons is including Jami's prose works which has the ability to be survey paratextuality. In this research, Nafahat ol-ons's paratextualites were identified and divided into two categories according to the genette's theory and investigated. The outer and inner elements of paratextualite in Nafahat ol-ons have been formed proportionally and fit with main text. On one side, each of these paratextualites deep down the audience's understanding and realizing and on the other side guide the audience how to use this work. Different people have created this elements, including author, scribe, publisher, editor and andandother critics, researchers and writers that of all these, author and editor have a great role in thetext readings. Also critics, researchers and writers have presented other paratextualites in various formats, have provided the possible of more communication with the text and its advertising and criticism. The maximum number and most important outer paratextualites of Nafahat ol-ons related to the time that this book was written.
Highlights
Surveying the Paratextual Elements in Jami's Nafahat-ol-Ons
Zahra Hatampour
PhD student of Persian language and literature, Department of Literature and Humanities, Najafabad branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Ata Mohammad Radmanesh
Professor ofPersian Language and Literature, Department of Literature and Humanities, Najafabad branch,Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran(Correspondingauthor). ata.radmanesh1394@gmail.com
Mahboubeh Khorasani
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature,Department of Literature and Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Abstract
Every text is linked to the mind of the audience and the world by paratextualites. Nafahat-ol-Ons is among Jami's prose works which has the ability to be surveyed from paratextual point of view. In this research, Nafahat-ol-On’s paratextualities were identified and divided into two categories according to the Genette's theory. The outer and inner elements of paratextuality in Nafahat-ol-Ons have been formed proportionally and fit in the main text. Each of these paratextualities deeps down the audience's understanding and realizing on the one hand, and on the other hand, guide the audience how to use this work. Different people have created these elements, including author, scriber, publisher, proofreader and other critics, researchers and writers among whom author and proofreader have a great role in text readings of this book. Also critics, researchers and writers have presented other paratextualites in various formats, have provided the possibility of more communication with the text and its advertising and criticism. The maximum number and the most important outer paratextualities of Nafahat-ol-Ons are related to the time when this book was written.
Keywords: Nafahat-ol-ons, Jami, Inner Paratextuality, Outer Paratextuality.
Introduction
Paratextuality is a type of transtextuality, which Gérard Genette has divided into two categories, internal and external. Regarding the importance of paratextualites, it can be said that components such as title, introduction, preface, positive and negative content of critics and researchers about the text or even publisher and its credibility are among the paratextualites that creates an expectation horizon in the reader. Nafahat-ol-Ons is one of the prose works of Abd al-Rahman Jami in Persian, which has the ability to be studied paratextually. Identifying and analyzing these thresholds can pave the way for reading the text.
Research methods
This article is descriptive-analytical and is based on content analysis in the framework of Gérard Genette's theory of paratextuality. On the basis of this theory, the paratextualities in Jami's Nafahat-ol-Ons were identified and recorded. Then they were divided into two categories, internal and external, and their subspecies. Then the role of each of these paratextual elements was investigated in receiving the text of this book.
Aims
Paratextualities are formed inside and outside Jami's Nafahat ol-ons whose discovery and investigation is the aim of the present research. This article, after identifying and introducing the internal and external paratextualites of Jami's Nafahat ol-ons, explains their role in reading the text of this great literary work. For example, this research tries to shed light on the role of the author, proofreader, scriber, publisher, researchers and critics since the book has been written in easier understanding of the audience of the text.
Findings and Conclusion
The present study came to the conclusion that each of these paratextualities, by providing information about the original text, on the one hand, deepens the audience's understanding, and on the other hand, they guide the audience in how to use this work.
These paratextualities were divided into two categories, external and internal. The internal paratextualities of this work, which are attached to the focal text, have been formed by the author, scriber, publisher and proofreader. In the meantime, Jami, as a skilled and experienced author, has tried to prepare the introduction of the book, so that this section has all the components of a research project proposal. Also, the title of this work with a virtual expression and the titles of the sections are appropriate to its content, and it clearly represents the literary type of this book.The proofreader of this work, in the role of mediator between the manuscripts of the previous periods and the modern audience, has provided the readers with a revised text and the required information.
The living conditions and social-political characteristics of the author's era can also be mentioned as the external paratextualities of this work that have been influential in the formation of this book by the author. Other external paratextualities have been created by people other than the author, all of whom have provided more connection to the text and its critique and promotion and they are presented in various contexts such as books, manuscripts, translations, transcriptions, summaries and excerpts, dissertations, articles, conferences, interviews each of which illustrates an aspect of this work. Not all the paratextualities in this book is equally important.
Parts of resources:
1- Agul, Deniz (2000). “Attar and Jami's Tazkerat al-Awliya, continuation of the basic writings of Sufism”, translated by Abd al-Moḥammad Rūḥbakhshān, Maaref, Number 51, pp158-197.
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4- Jami, Abd al-Rahman-Ibne-Ahmad (1991). Nafahat-pl-Ons men Hazarat al-Quds, Edited by Mahmoud Abedi, Tehran:Ettelaat.
5- Hekmat, Ali Asghar (1984). Jami, Tehran: Toos.
6- Khatami, Ahmad (2007). “Features of Jami language in Nafhat-ol-Ons”, Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Volume 58, Number 4, pp6-43.
7- Salimi Kouchi, Ibrahim (2017). “The role of contextual elements in the development of receiving and understanding the text of Masnavi”, Quarterly Journal of Contemporary World Literature Research (Foreign Languages Research), Volume 22, Number1,pp249-268.
8- Lari, Raziuddin Abdul Ghafoor(2017), Completion of Nafhat-ol-Ons (biography and works of Jami), Edited by Mahmoud Abedi, Tehran: Mirase Maktoob.
- 9-MayelHeravi, Najib (1998). Jami, Tehran: Tarhe now.
9- Namvar Motlagh, Bahman (2008). “Transtextualite, Studying the relationship of a text with other texts”. Journal of Human Sciences, Number 56, pp83-98.
10- Genette, Gerard (1987). Seuils, Paris: Seuil.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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