University of Tabriz Persian Language and Literature 2251-7979 Articles in Press 2026 05 03 A Reflection on the Referential Language of Complaints with an Emphasis on a Complaint in Rāhat al-Sodur A Reflection on the Referential Language of Complaints with an Emphasis on a Complaint in Rāhat al-Sodur 21530 10.22034/perlit.2024.63215.3706 FA Mir Jalil Akrami Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Asadollah Vahed Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Mohammad Ali Mousazadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Rashid Asadi Valiloo PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, lyrical orientation, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article 2024 08 30 When dealing with a literary text, what is assumed and strengthens the original value of the text is its literary features, but being lyrical is a matter of content, and the lyrical text increases its quality by resorting to the features of the literary language. Despite this, lyrical texts without literary features are more or less ignored. Among the types of lyrical words, complaint requires the closest proximity to reality, and basically, a complaint whose subject is a complaint about an imaginary matter, will not have any meaning from the point of view of being a complaint for the audience. This judgment is more stable in the case of political complaints. Based on this, it seems that in order to open the chapter of research in the field of non-literary language of lyrical texts or what is called referential language, research into complaint is a suitable choice. In this research, a political complaint has been selected from the text of Rāwandi's <em>Rāhat al-Sodur</em> and the quality of the retention of the referential aspect of the language of this text has been examined. Studies show that the prose format is more favorable than poetry in adopting the reference language for complaints, but we think that the principle in advancing this approach is the realistic identity of the complaint. This realistic identity has caused Ravandi to ignore the original elements of rhetoric and to limit the expressive elements to only a few and more important ones, which are weak and ineffective, and to pay more attention to direct and one-to-one word and meaning. When dealing with a literary text, what is assumed and strengthens the original value of the text is its literary features, but being lyrical is a matter of content, and the lyrical text increases its quality by resorting to the features of the literary language. Despite this, lyrical texts without literary features are more or less ignored. Among the types of lyrical words, complaint requires the closest proximity to reality, and basically, a complaint whose subject is a complaint about an imaginary matter, will not have any meaning from the point of view of being a complaint for the audience. This judgment is more stable in the case of political complaints. Based on this, it seems that in order to open the chapter of research in the field of non-literary language of lyrical texts or what is called referential language, research into complaint is a suitable choice. In this research, a political complaint has been selected from the text of Rāwandi's <em>Rāhat al-Sodur</em> and the quality of the retention of the referential aspect of the language of this text has been examined. Studies show that the prose format is more favorable than poetry in adopting the reference language for complaints, but we think that the principle in advancing this approach is the realistic identity of the complaint. This realistic identity has caused Ravandi to ignore the original elements of rhetoric and to limit the expressive elements to only a few and more important ones, which are weak and ineffective, and to pay more attention to direct and one-to-one word and meaning. https://perlit.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21530_563d9d9ce166780e9702109e32fba352.pdf